Signs Adnexal mass Adnexal tenderness Uterine tenderness Fixed retroversion Lateral cervical displacement Cul-de-sac Tenderness Nodularity Mass Uterosacral ligament Tenderness Nodularity Vaginal lesions Cervical lesions Symptoms Reproductive tract Infertility Dysmenorrhea Dyspareunia…
Fig. 18.1 Germinal vesicle intact representing an immature oocyte after cumulus removal (courtesy of Dr. Nina Desai, Cleveland Clinic) Fig. 18.2 Metaphase I (MI) human oocyte without a polar body…
Fig. 3.1 Simplified diagram of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axes, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axes, and growth hormone (GH) axes. The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and growth hormone-releasing hormone…
Fig. 19.1 Reciprocal errors and PSSC. Impact of the type of meiotic error and the predictive value of polar body (PB) screening results and the eventual chromosomal composition of the…
Hysteroscopic type [24] Sonohysterographic class [25] Description Type 0 Class 1 Pedunculated myomas, where 100% of the myoma lies within the endometrial cavity with no intramural extension Type I Class…
Fig. 14.1 Available tests for ovarian reserve include biochemical markers, i.e., FSH , estradiol, AMH, and inhibin B and ovarian ultrasound imaging, i.e., antral follicle count and ovarian volume As…
Female evaluation Workup Ovarian reserve testing Anti-Müllerian hormone Day 3 follicle stimulating hormone, Estradiol Antral follicle count Preconception (preventative) testing Thyroid stimulating hormone Type and screen Rubella IgG, Varicella IgG…
Fig. 7.1 This is the classical image of PCOS with an enlarged ovary containing an increased number of small follicles around the periphery of the cortex, resembling a string of…
Population Incidence per 10,000 women/year General population of women <35 years old 1–5 Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) users 3–10 Second generation progestin-containing OCPs 6 Drospirenone-containing OCPs 10 Pregnant women 5–20…
