Fig. 16.1 Energy supply in utero and the risk of NCDs in later life (a). The prevalence of NCDs in developing and developed countries may be associated with differences in…
Fig. 3.1 Targeting the angiogenic cascades in gynecologic cancer. Angiogenesis is regulated by a number of growth factor receptor pathways. The specific ligands bind to their receptors, and each tyrosine…
Fig. 11.1 Etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss. APS, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (figure 1 from Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Spring;2(2):76–83) 11.2 Genetic Factors Approximately 2–4% of RPL is associated with a…
Fig. 6.1 Estimated incidence (a) and death (b) of endometrial cancers in the United States and Japan. Endometrial cancer is one of the leading causes of gynecologic malignancy with an…
Fig. 4.1 Basic mechanism of tumor immunity Fig. 4.2 Targeted tumor immune therapies 4.2 Recent Applications of Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment and Their Role in Precision Medicine 4.2.1 A Sudden…
Fig. 8.1 Environmental and genetic factors in diseases. Many diseases, including cancer, are influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Hereditary tumors are mainly caused by genetic factors. Examples of…
Fig. 15.1 Placental CRH decides the timing delivery as “placental clock”. Maternal plasma CRH levels exponentially increase during pregnancy, peaking at term. This reflects the enhanced CRH synthesis in placenta….
Name (year) Formula Ref. Warsof (1977) log10BW = −1.599 + (0.144 × BPD) + (0.032 × AC) − (0.000111 × BPD2 × AC) [3] Shepard (1982) log10BW = −1.7492 + (0.166 × BPD) + (0.046 × AC) − [(2.646 × AC × BPD)/1000] [4] Hadlock (1985) log10BW = 1.335 − (0.0034 × AC × FL) + (0.0316 × BPD) + (0.0457 × AC) + (0.1623 × FL) [5] Aoki (1985) EFBW = (1.25647 × BPD3) + (3.50665 × FTA × FL) + 6.30994 [6] Shinozuka (1987) EFBW = (1.07 × BPD3) + (3.42 × APTD × TTD × FL) [7] Modified Shinozuka (2000) EFBW = (1.07 × BPD3) + (0.30 × AC2 × FL) [8] AC…
Cause Recommended tests Secondary RPL Clinical features Antiphospholipid antibody Lupus anticoagulant (at least two kinds of reagent such as dRVVT and aPTT) Anticardiolipin antibodies Anti-β2-glycopritein I antibodies Rare Intrauterine fetal…
Fig. 5.1 HPV infection and cervical carcinogenesis: role of primary and secondary prevention against progression to invasive cancer Two highly effective and safe HPV vaccines are available. HPV vaccination is…
