Myopathies and Myotonic Disorders
Fig. 22.1 CK serum levels on most muscle disorders in paediatric population. (serum CK expressed in IU/L) Electrophysiologic Evaluation EDX evaluation for muscle disorders in the pediatric population can be…
Acquired and Hereditary Neuropathies
1. Anatomical site(s) that are clinically involved: − Brain − Cranial nerve(s) − Spine − Nerve plexus − Sensory ganglia − Nerve root(s) − Motor neuron − Peripheral nerve(s) 2. Non-neurological findings − Non-neurological organ involvement − Concomitant diseases (auto-immune disease, cardiac…
Anatomy and Physiology of Peripheral Nerves
Fibre type Diameter (μm) Conduction Velocity (m/s) Myelination Function Afferent fibers IA 12–20 70–120 Large myelinated From muscle spindles IB 12–20 70–120 Large myelinated From Golgi tendon organs II 6–12…
Diagnosis and Evaluation of Small Fiber Peripheral Neuropathy in Children
Fig. 19.1 Finger immersion test of vasomotor sympathetic function. Hand is immersed for 30 min in a heated water bath. Digital pictures are taken (from left to right) at baseline…
Muscle Analysis
Fig. 9.1 Positive sharp waves (a) and fibrillation potentials (b). Note the initial positive (downward) deflection of both types of potentials. Courtesy Hugh J. McMillan, MD The analysis of motor…
Case Presentations
Nerve conduction studies Normal Right Left Normal Right Left Sensory Motor Median Median (at wrist to APB) PL (ms) <3.2 2.6 2.1 DML (ms) <4.2 3.7 3.9 SNAP (mV) >14.0…
Late Responses
Fig. 7.1 F waves from left ulnar nerve in a healthy teenager. M-waves (left) exhibit higher amplitude and similar morphology with each stimulation; they occur first due to the proximity…
Motor Nerve Conduction Studies
Fig. 5.1 Median motor study stimulating at the wrist (a) and at the antecubital fossa (b), recording abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle Fig. 5.2 Ulnar motor study stimulating at the…
The Use of Stimulated EMG in the Diagnosis of Neuromuscular Junction Abnormality
Fig. 10.1 Position of the stimulating and recording electrodes when assessing jitter in the left orbicularis oculi The stimulation is given individually by single shocks gradually increasing the intensity until…
Repetitive Nerve Stimulation, Short and Long Exercise Tests
Fig. 6.1 Populations of ACh vesicles in the terminal nerve space (RRP: rapid release pool, recycling pool, reserve pool) Released ACh binds to receptors (AChRs) on the post-synaptic membrane (two…
