Round Cell Sarcomas
Fig. 3.1 (a) A low-power view of embryonal RMS featuring tissue fragments with stroma and numerous dissociated rhabdomyoblasts. (b) Two large tissue fragments containing stroma and tumor cells. (a) Giemsa,…
Pediatric Tumors of the Central Nervous System: Cytopathology
Anatomic sites Main histopathological subtypes Posterior fossa (cerebellum, fourth ventricle and brainstem) Medulloblastoma Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) Pilocytic astrocytoma Ependymoma Brainstem diffuse glioma Cerebral hemispheres Ganglioglioma (temporal lobe) Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma…
Miscellaneous Epithelial and Epithelial-like Tumors
Fig. 7.1 UCNT, Regaud type , isolated tumor cells and inflammatory background, May-Grünwald Giemsa (MGG) Fig. 7.2 UCNT, Schminke type, spindle-shaped cells, Papanicolaou 7.1.3 Ancillary Techniques Immunocytochemistry (ICC) shows positivity…
Non-round Cell Sarcomas
Fig. 6.1 Epithelioid sarcoma. Polymorphous epithelioid with rhabdoid features , May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) Fig. 6.2 Epithelioid sarcoma . Polymorphous epithelioid cells , Papanicolaou Fig. 6.3 Epithelioid sarcoma. Epithelioid cells mimicking carcinoma…
Lymphomas in Children and Adolescents
Fig. 9.1 Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma featuring one Reed-Sternberg cell surrounded by an inflammatory background. There are five eosinophils in the field. MGG ×60 RS cells may be bi-nucleated or may…
Thyroid Tumors
Thyroid carcinomas Other thyroid tumors Papillary carcinoma Teratoma Follicular carcinoma Primary lymphoma and plasmacytoma Poorly differentiated carcinoma Ectopic thymoma Undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma Angiosarcoma Squamous cell carcinoma Smooth muscle tumors Mucoepidermoid…
Concentric Macro EMG
Technique Recording surface Recording area (mm2) Number fibers in one motor unit studied (fibers) Utility Single fiber EMG Small; 25 μm at side-port 0.0005 1–2 Analysis of neuromuscular transmission Concentric…
Radiculopathies and Plexopathies
Fig. 17.1 Anatomy of the spinal cord, nerve root and vertebral body. Cross sectional (axial) view of the spine showing a sketch (left) and MRI T2-weighted image (right) revealing: (1)…
Sensory Studies
Fig. 4.1 Median digit III orthodromic study recording over the median nerve at the wrist and stimulating digit III Fig. 4.2 (a, b). Median palmar sensory study (orthodromic) recording over…
Pediatric Cranial Neuropathies
Age (years) Number of subjects Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris 0–1 120 3.1 ± 0.8 5.3 ± 1.7 1–3 91 3.3 ± 0.5 5.4 ± 1.6 3–9 89 3.5 ± 1.0…
