Disorders of Hyperpigmentation and Melanocytes
Introduction Hyperpigmented lesions, presenting at birth and during the first few weeks of life, are quite common. Pigmented lesions can range from small and isolated to large and multiple. They…
Diaper Area Eruptions
Introduction Eruptions in the diaper region have diverse origins. This chapter will review eruptions, both common and uncommon, that have major findings in the diaper area not only in neonates…
Nail Disorders
Introduction Nails are specialized cutaneous appendages composed of hard keratins similar to those found in hair, and are unique to primates. In humans, nails function as a stabilizing unit to…
Hypopigmentation Disorders
Introduction A diverse group of conditions present with hypopigmentation in neonates and infants. A practical clinical approach would be to categorize them according to the distribution of the hypopigmentation: generalized,…
Disorders of the Subcutaneous Tissue
Introduction The subcutaneous fat cushions the overlying skin, insulates and provides energy storage, and protects underlying soft tissue and bony structures. Although not fully functional at birth, a well-developed fatty…
Fungal Infections, Infestations, and Parasitic Infections in Neonates and Infants
Fungal infections Infections caused by fungi and yeasts are common in neonates and infants. Among the most frequent are Candida infections such as thrush and diaper dermatitis. More extensive manifestations,…
Vascular Malformations
Introduction to vascular malformations In 1982, Mulliken and Glowacki proposed a biologic classification of vascular birthmarks that has become widely accepted. It was modified slightly in 1996 by the International…
Transient Benign Cutaneous Lesions in the Newborn
Introduction Transient benign cutaneous lesions in the newborn are important to recognize. Not only can parents be reassured, but costly, unnecessary and erroneous evaluations and treatment of presumed serious diseases…
Disorders of Cornification (Ichthyosis)
Introduction The term ‘inherited disorders of cornification’ covers a wide range of genetic conditions with molecular defects that preclude the formation of a normal epidermis. The term is usually considered…
Erythrodermas, Immunodeficiency, and Metabolic Disorders
Erythrodermas The term ‘erythroderma’ is used in dermatology to describe a skin eruption characterized by diffuse erythema, usually in association with scaling. Infantile erythroderma is caused by or associated with…
