Reducing a Rectal Prolapse
Reducing a Rectal Prolapse Gary Schwartz Introduction Rectal prolapse, a relatively uncommon clinical entity, is the prolapse of the rectal mucosa through the anus. In some instances, the rectal mucosa…
Oral Rehydration
Oral Rehydration Philip R. Spandorfer Bryan D. Upham Introduction Children with acute gastroenteritis and dehydration are commonly treated in the emergency department (ED). Almost all children will have had rotavirus…
Treatment of Umbilical Granuloma
Treatment of Umbilical Granuloma Angela C. Anderson Seema Sachdeva Introduction An umbilical granuloma results from excessive growth of normal granulation tissue on the umbilical stump. Prevention of umbilical granuloma formation…
Inguinal Hernia Reduction
Inguinal Hernia Reduction Sharon R. Smith Introduction Two common causes of scrotal swelling in children are inguinal hernia and hydrocele. Inguinal hernias, which are classified as direct or indirect, occur…
Paracentesis
Paracentesis Natalie E. Lane Ronald I. Paul Introduction Paracentesis, or peritoneal tap, involves inserting a needle through the abdominal wall into the peritoneal cavity and aspirating fluid. The peritoneum is…
Gastrostomy Tube Replacement
Gastrostomy Tube Replacement John W. Graneto Introduction Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement was introduced in 1980 in Cleveland, Ohio, as a procedure for children who required long-term nutritional support…
Gastric Intubation
Gastric Intubation Harold K. Simon Maia S. Rutman William Lewander Introduction Gastric intubation for medical purposes dates back to Hermann Boerhaave (1668–1738), who first suggested inserting gastric tubes, and John…
Management of Esophageal Foreign Bodies
Management of Esophageal Foreign Bodies Jeff E. Schunk Nanette C. Dudley Introduction Young children often swallow foreign bodies because of their inquisitive nature and propensity for pica (1). Esophageal impaction…
Introduction to Conventional Mechanical Ventilation
Introduction to Conventional Mechanical Ventilation Joseph W. Luria Introduction The appropriate use of mechanical ventilation is a requisite skill for all physicians caring for children who are critically ill. The…
Thoracentesis
Thoracentesis Gregg A. DiGiulio Introduction A pleural effusion is a collection of fluid in the potential space that exists between the visceral and parietal pleurae of the lung. The causes…
