Fig. 4.1 Growth of long bones. Schematic diagram illustrating the growth of long bones: (a) Longitudinal growth occurs due to hypertrophic differentiation of growth plate chondrocyte. (b) Bone morphology is…
Bruck Syndrome (OMIM 259450) Inheritance: Autosomal recessive. Genetic defect: 1. Mutations in PLOD2 gene (probably located in the chromosome 17p12 region) resulting in deficiency of a bone-specific telopeptidyl lysyl hydroxylase…
Fig. 8.1 Stimulation and action of intrinsic GH. GH is secreted in the pituitary gland and stimulated by hypothalamic hormones, such as GHRH and ghrelin, and is suppressed by somatostatin….
Fig. 5.1 Molecular structure of bisphosphonates. The generic bisphosphonate structure (left) with two phosphonate groups binding to a central carbon atom. Modern bisphosphonates have a hydroxyl group and specific nitrogen-containing…
Fig. 10.1 Molecular structure of D2 and D3 Table 10.1 Food sources of vitamin D and calcium Dietary sources of calcium and vitamin D Calcium content Vitamin D content Breast…
Gordon L. Klein (ed.)Bone Drugs in Pediatrics2014Efficacy and Challenges10.1007/978-1-4899-7436-5_13 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 13. Conclusion: Whither (or Wither?) the Pharmacology of Pediatric Bone? Gordon L. Klein1 (1) Department Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University…
Fig. 3.1 Current model of osteoblast differentiation from stem cell. Ihh is the initiator of endochondral ossification. The Runx2-expressing bipotential progenitors can differentiate into either osteoblast or chondrocyte. Then cells…
Fig. 9.1 This figure illustrates the interlinking cascade of the growth hormone system throughout the body. GH growth hormone, GHBP GH binding protein, GH-S GH secretagogues, IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor-1,…
Gordon L. Klein (ed.)Bone Drugs in Pediatrics2014Efficacy and Challenges10.1007/978-1-4899-7436-5_1 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 1. Introduction Gordon L. Klein1 (1) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns…
Patient age Total body watera Extracellular fluida Intracellular fluida <3-Month fetus 92 65 25 Term gestation 75 35–44 33 4–6 months 60 23 37 12 months 26–30 Puberty ~60 20…
