Uterine Cancer
Andrea MarianiJohn R. Lurain • Most risk factors for the development of endometrial carcinoma are related to prolonged, unopposed estrogen stimulation. • Office endometrial aspiration biopsy is the accepted first…
Endocrine Disorders
Jessie DoraisC. Matthew Peterson • Hyperandrogenism most often presents as hirsutism, which usually arises as a result of androgen excess related to abnormalities of function in the ovary or adrenal…
Robotic Operations
• Robotic surgery is a form of facilitated laparoscopy that utilizes robotic technology to enhance the performance of the operation by placing a computerized interface between patient and surgeon. •…
Uterine Fibroids
• Fibroids are very common and most are asymptomatic and can be managed expectantly. • There is no definite relationship between oral contraceptives and the presence of fibroids. • First-degree…
Preventive Health Care and Screening
• Preventive health services that encompass screening and counseling for a broad range of health behaviors and risks are important components of general obstetric and gynecologic care. • Traditional gynecologic…
Breast Cancer
Armando E. Giuliano • Breast cancer accounts for one-third of cancers in women. The risk of breast cancer increases with a positive family history and the use of hormone therapy….
Endometriosis
• Endometriosis is diagnosed by visual inspection of the pelvis during laparoscopy, ideally with histological confirmation; positive histology confirms the diagnosis, but negative histology does not exclude it. • Endometriosis…
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Otoniel Martínez-MazaJonathan S.Berek • The regulation and maintenance of normal tissue requires a balance between cell proliferation and programmed cell death, or apoptosis. • The regulation of ovarian function occurs…
Amenorrhea
Wendy J. SchillingsHoward D. McClamrock • Girls experienced menarche at increasingly younger ages during the past century. Primary amenorrhea is defined as absence of menses at age 13 years when…
Early Pregnancy Loss and Ectopic Pregnancy
Carrie E. FrederickThomas G. Stovall • Spontaneous pregnancy loss is common, occurring in up to 20% of recognized conceptions. • Following an ectopic pregnancy, approximately 15% of women will have…
