Chapter 4 – Female Fertility
Abstract Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive naturally after one year of regular unprotected intercourse. Most couples do not have absolute infertility but subfertility with a reduced chance…
Chapter 32 – Gamete Donation
Abstract Assisted conception techniques using donated gametes includes the use of donated sperm in donor insemination (DI) or in vitro fertilisation (IVF) with donor sperm (DIVF), egg donation or embryo…
Chapter 33 – Training Opportunities in Reproductive Medicine
Abstract Reproductive medicine is an exciting specialty. It encompasses both medicine and surgery. It brings together far-flung disciplines such as gynaecology, endocrinology, genetics, embryology, andrology, imaging and more. It deals…
Chapter 31 – Donor Recruitment
Abstract Sperm donation in the United Kingdom was first described as a treatment in 1945 in Mary Barton’s article in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) [1]. Before and since that…
Chapter 30 – Female Fertility Preservation
Abstract Fertility preservation, which is defined by the National Center for Biotechnology Information as ‘a method of providing future reproductive opportunities before a medical treatment with known risk of loss…
Chapter 29 – Male Fertility Preservation
Abstract It is generally agreed that sperm banking should be routinely offered prior to the administration of any anti-neoplastic treatment to post-pubertal males following a diagnosis of cancer. It may…
Chapter 27 – Preimplantation Genetic Testing
Abstract In 2017, the World Health Organization published new nomenclature for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). They renamed the procedure preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), with PGT-M for monogenic diseases and PGT-SR…
Chapter 28 – Adjuvant Treatment and Alternative Therapies to Improve Fertility
Abstract With initial attempts of failed IVF, and also after miscarriages, it is quite common for women to assume and become convinced that there is a problem in the uterus…
Chapter 26 – Sperm Retrieval
Abstract Surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) is used in situations where sperm suitable for fertility treatment cannot be obtained by other means, principally from the ejaculate. Even sperm obtained from cryptozoospermic…
Chapter 25 – Evaluation and Management of Recurrent Miscarriage
Abstract The spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the viable gestation is termed miscarriage. Miscarriage therefore includes all pregnancy losses from conception until 23 completed weeks of pregnancy. It remains…
