Status Epilepticus and Seizures
A large number of children with epilepsy will develop SE at least once. A community-based cohort of 613 children with epilepsy in Connecticut reported that 7.3% had at least 1…
Spinal Cord Disease and Injury
â– ACUTE STABILIZATION The acute management of the child with a suspected spinal cord emergency hinges on immobilization and stabilization of the spine in cases of trauma or suspected trauma…
Approach to Intracranial Pressure Management
(CPP = cerebral perfusion pressure; CVR = cerebral vascular resistance), where CPP is the difference between the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and the ICP as seen in the equation…
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
FIGURE 11.1 Sagittal (left panel) and coronal (right panel) magnetic resonance venograms demonstrating normal venous sinuses. (a) Superior sagittal sinus. (b) Internal cerebral veins. (c) Great vein of Galen. (d) Straight…
Neuromuscular Disorders
Another subset during the first year of life includes those previously healthy infants who unexpectedly develop a precipitous neuromuscular crisis. Specific clinical mechanisms, that require consideration in this instance, include…
Arterial Ischemic Stroke
FIGURE 10.1 Normal intracranial vasculature. Coronal (left panel) and axial (right panel) magnetic resonance angiograms (MRAs) demonstrating normal intracranial vasculature. (a) internal carotid artery; (b) middle cerebral artery; (c) anterior cerebral…
Diagnosis and Endovascular Management of Cerebrovascular Malformations
FIGURE 13.1 Arteriovenous malformation—axial unenhanced computed tomography (CT) (A), axial MIP CT angiography (CTA) (B), axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (C), axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI (D). Frontal oblique…
Rehabilitation: Indications, Management, and Timing
A speech and language therapist focuses on communication, swallowing, and speech production, and has a number of goals. One of the most basic goals is to find or create a…
Traumatic Brain Injury
FIGURE 7.1 Computed tomographic (CT) scan of an 18-month-old with large left epidural hematoma. Note the swirling nature of the hematoma indicating active bleeding. Subdural hematomas: An accumulation of blood between…
Hyperthermic Drug-Induced Disorders
The typical clinical NMS tetrad includes: (1) altered mental status, (2) extrapyramidal symptoms, (3) hyperthermia, and (4) autonomic dysfunction. The early manifestations of the disorder may be subtle, so a…
