Convergence Insufficiency and Vision Therapy
There is no standard meaning of the term “vision therapy”, and for this reason it is often a controversial topic between some members of the ophthalmic and optometric community. Most…
Allergic Eye Disease
Ocular allergy is one of the most common conditions encountered by pediatricians and ophthalmologists and is characterized by bilateral injection with itching as the predominant symptom. Risk factors include history…
The Pediatric Red Eye
There is a broad differential for the pediatric red eye, which may range from benign conditions to vision- and/or life-threatening conditions. This article presents a systematic differential, red flags for…
Retinopathy of Prematurity
Premature infants born at 30 weeks’ gestational age or younger, or 1500 g or smaller, are screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Guidelines for supplemental oxygen in neonatal intensive care units have…
A Review of Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
It is now well recognized that idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) can occur in children. Relative to the adult population, the demographic features and clinical presentation of IIH as well as…
Genetics and Ocular Disorders
Increasingly accurate phenotyping leads to better genetic evaluation. Genetic eye conditions may be due to a common cellar defect (eg, ciliopathies or RASopathies). Early-onset retinal dystrophies may be associated with…
Periocular Hemangiomas and Lymphangiomas
Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign tumor of childhood. Lymphangiomas are benign hamartomatous vascular tumors. Both lesions can be problematic when located in the periocular region. Pediatricians must be…
The Lacrimal System
The lacrimal system comprises of a series of anatomical structures with specific physiologic properties. Tearing from a nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is the most common lacrimal system abnormality encountered by…
Pediatric Refractive Surgery
This article reviews current thoughts regarding pediatric refractive surgery. This encompasses current trends in adult refractive surgery, differences between adult and pediatric refractive surgery, and future possibilities for refractive technology…
