Circumstances when Breastfeeding is Contraindicated
This article reviews risks of illness or exposures to breastfed infants. Galactosemia in an infant is a contraindication to breastfeeding. There are no medical conditions in the mother that are…
Maternal Medication, Drug Use, and Breastfeeding
This article reviews the necessary skills required for clinicians to make informed decisions about the use of medications in women who are breastfeeding. Even without specific data on certain medications,…
Nutritional Management of the Breastfeeding Dyad
Milk is successfully produced by mothers regardless of their nutritional status. Nevertheless, the concentrations of some nutrients, specifically vitamins A, D, B1, B2, B3, B6, and B12, fatty acids, and…
Donor Human Milk Banking and the Emergence of Milk Sharing
Donor human milk has emerged as the preferred substrate to feed extremely preterm infants, when mother’s own milk is unavailable. This article summarizes the clinical data demonstrating the safety, efficacy,…
“Breastfeeding” by Feeding Expressed Mother’s Milk
This article provides the pediatric community with a practical overview of milk expression and an update on the recent literature. Approaches for working mothers, preterm infants, critically ill infants, and…
Supporting Breastfeeding in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
The translation of the evidence for the use of human milk (HM) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) into best practices, toolkits, policies and procedures, talking points, and parent…
Human Milk for the Premature Infant
Premature infants are at risk for growth failure, developmental delays, necrotizing enterocolitis, and late-onset sepsis. Human milk from women delivering prematurely has more protein and higher levels of bioactive molecules….
Establishing Successful Breastfeeding in the Newborn Period
The first days after delivery of a newborn infant are critical for breastfeeding establishment. Successful initiation and continuation—especially of exclusive breastfeeding—have become public health priorities, but it is fraught with…
Evidence-based Interventions to Support Breastfeeding
Considerable progress has been made in the past decade in developing comprehensive support systems to enable more women to reach their breastfeeding goals. Given that most women in the United…
Overcoming Clinical Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding
Although a large majority of US mothers now begin breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding rates fall far below national health objectives, with vulnerable populations being least likely to breastfeed exclusively. This article…
