Post-extubation Stridor

Sep 26, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Post-extubation Stridor

Fig. 36.1 Lateral radiograph of dynamic obstruction during inspiration for a child with subglottic (extrathoracic) airway obstruction from malacia. Notice how the airway caliber gets smaller during inspiration and returns…

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Clinical Use of Nonconventional Modes of Ventilator Support

Sep 26, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Clinical Use of Nonconventional Modes of Ventilator Support

and David J. Durand9 (8) Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children’s Hospital, 1900 Maryland, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA (9) Department of Physiology and Pediatrics,…

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Pediatric Acute Lung Injury

Sep 26, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Pediatric Acute Lung Injury

Onset  Acute Oxygenation ALI PaO2/FiO2 < 300 (regardless of positive end-expiratory pressure level) ARDS PaO2/FiO2 < 200 (regardless of positive end-expiratory pressure level) Chest radiograph  Bilateral infiltration seen on frontal chest radiograph Pulmonary artery…

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Tracheostomy

Sep 26, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Tracheostomy

Fig. 56.1 A T-tube may be used instead of a tracheotomy tube for special circumstances, such as after surgery on the larynx or trachea Fig. 56.2 Silver tracheotomy tube, containing…

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Mechanical Ventilation in the Operating Room

Sep 26, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Mechanical Ventilation in the Operating Room

Fig. 65.1 Arrangement of the various Mapleson circuits (a–f). The circuits vary based on the site of introduction of the fresh gas flow (FGF), pop-off or airway pressure relief valve,…

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Setting the Ventilator in the PICU

Sep 26, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Setting the Ventilator in the PICU

Conventional ventilator settings Common pitfalls Mode:   Variable, decelerating inspiratory flow pattern is preferred to (a) optimize patient comfort and (b) augment mean airway pressure while minimizing peak inspiratory pressure  Volume-limited…

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Gross Air Leaks

Sep 26, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Gross Air Leaks

Fig. 34.1 Pulmonary interstitial emphysema. (a) Severe. This was often seen in the presurfactant era. Note the overdistension and the pneumothorax on the right side (With courtesy of Pr C….

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Noninvasive Respiratory Support in the Paediatric Patient

Sep 26, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Noninvasive Respiratory Support in the Paediatric Patient

(4) Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kremlin Bicetre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France   Continuous positive airway pressure experience is mostly derived from retrospective…

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Organization Characteristics in Oceania

Sep 26, 2016 by in PEDIATRICS Comments Off on Organization Characteristics in Oceania

Fig. 72.1 Map of Oceania 72.1 Neonatal Services Neonatal services providing ventilation in Australia and New Zealand range from being extremely centralized in some areas (e.g., Western Australia) to being…

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