Adolescent Pregnancy and Contraception
Adolescent Pregnancy and Contraception Maria Trent Unplanned pregnancy is a major public health problem facing pediatric and adolescent health. In the 2001 Youth Risk Behavior Survey of high school students,…
Menstrual Disorders
Menstrual Disorders Sergio R. Russo Buzzini Melanie A. Gold Menarche, or the onset of menses, is one of the major milestones of female pubertal development. Although most adolescent girls pass…
Breast Disorders
Breast Disorders Gina S. Sucato Growth of the breast is usually the first sign of puberty in girls, and it also occurs transiently during normal pubertal development in many boys….
Introduction to Adolescent Medicine
Introduction to Adolescent Medicine Alain Joffe Adolescence refers to that stage of human development encompassing the transition from childhood to adulthood. The term adolescence (derived from the Latin adolescere, to…
Nosocomial Infection in the Newborn
Nosocomial Infection in the Newborn Robert S. Baltimore Although all infections in newborns born in the hospital are considered to be hospital-acquired (nosocomial), infections manifesting in the first few days…
Genital Mycoplasmas
Genital Mycoplasmas Pablo J. Sánchez Jane D. Siegel The genital mycoplasmas consist of Mycoplasma hominis, M. fermentans, M. genitalium, and Ureaplasma spp. (T-strain mycoplasma; Ureaplasma urealyticum, ureaplasma). Only M. hominis…
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Chlamydia Trachomatis Pablo J. Sánchez Jane D. Siegel Chlamydiae are bacteria that possess both RNA and DNA but are incapable of producing adenosine triphosphate outside of cells. Therefore, these organisms…
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Pablo J. Sánchez Jane D. Siegel The prevalence of gonococcal infection during pregnancy varies from 0.6% to 7.6%. The highest rates are found in single, low-income, nonwhite women…
Hepatitis Viruses
Hepatitis Viruses Pablo J. Sánchez Jane D. Siegel HEPATITIS A Maternal infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) in early pregnancy may result, on rare occasions, in prematurity and spontaneous abortion….
Neonatal Toxoplasmosis
Neonatal Toxoplasmosis William V. Raszka Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite found in animal species around the world. Although acute infection is usually asymptomatic in normal hosts, congenital…
