Hypertension
47 Hypertension Michael L. O’Byrne, R. Thomas Collins, II Hypertension, the abnormal elevation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressures (DBP), is relatively uncommon in children. It is…
Disorders of White Blood Cells
51 Disorders of White Blood Cells Daniel A. Weiser White blood cells (WBCs), or leukocytes, are an integral part of the host immune system. Their microscopic appearance after Wright-staining categorizes…
Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
49 Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease Deepika Thacker, Amy L. Peterson Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is postulated to be caused by a delayed systemic autoimmune reaction to group…
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndromes
64 Hemolytic-Uremic Syndromes Christopher LaRosa, Kevin E.C. Meyers Hemolytic-uremic syndromes (HUS) are clinical conditions characterized by acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with evidence of intravascular red blood…
Substance Abuse
82 Substance Abuse Daniel B. Horton, Sara B. Kinsman Adolescence marks a time of transition from childhood to young adult life. As part of this process, a majority of U.S….
Cerebral Palsy
77 Cerebral Palsy Courtney J. Wusthoff Cerebral palsy (CP) is an “umbrella diagnosis” describing a group of chronic syndromes of nonprogressive motor and postural dysfunction caused by brain lesions occurring…
Neurocutaneous Disorders
76 Neurocutaneous Disorders Kathryn S. Taub Neurocutaneous diseases encompass a group of diseases with neurologic manifestations and skin findings. More than 40 types have been described, and several have had…
Sports Medicine
25 Sports Medicine Erin Pete Devon, Mercedes M. Blackstone Sports participation among children and adolescents has risen dramatically over the past few decades, with 30 to 45 million preadolescents and…
Disorders of Growth
73 Disorders of Growth Dorit Koren, Adda Grimberg Statural growth is an integral part of childhood development and normally occurs in a predictable pattern. Families often seek medical attention when…
Trisomy 21
117 Trisomy 21 Nilika B. Shah Down syndrome, or trisomy 21, is the most common chromosomal abnormality among live-born infants and is the most frequent microscopically identifiable genetic cause of…
