Infective Endocarditis
Infective endocarditis results when microorganisms adhere to the endocardial surface of the heart. This process usually occurs on heart valves, although septal defects and mural surfaces can be affected. Most…
Cystic Fibrosis
Keywords Cystic fibrosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , nontuberculous mycobacterium, CFTR modulators, infection control, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Achromobacter xylosoxidans , MRSA, MSSA, small-colony Staphylococcus aureus variants Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the…
Children’s Interstitial Lung Disease and Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Children’s interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of uncommon lung disorders with varying clinical presentations and morbidity. Because these conditions often involve the alveoli and distal airways, and…
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Most episodes of pneumonia resolve spontaneously or with limited medical therapy. Certain groups, those with underlying diseases, those with anatomic or functional abnormalities, or immunocompromised patients, are more prone to…
Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an acute lung infection that results most commonly in children from viral or bacterial pathogens. CAP remains the most important cause of death in children worldwide….
Croup (Laryngitis, Laryngotracheitis, Spasmodic Croup, Laryngotracheobronchitis, Bacterial Tracheitis and Laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis) and Epiglottitis (Supraglottitis)
Keywords Croup, laryngitis, laryngotracheitis, spasmodic croup, laryngotracheobronchitis, bacterial tracheitis, laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis, epiglottitis, supraglottitis, stridor, cough, hoarseness, fever, sore throat, headaches, muscle aches, coryza, stuffiness, H. influenzae type b, Adenoviruses, Parainfluenza viruses…
Bronchiolitis and Infectious Asthma
Bronchiolitis and infectious asthma, which also is called asthmatic bronchitis, wheezy bronchitis, or virus-induced asthma, are common illnesses of children, characterized by symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection and signs…
Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is a serious and costly health problem in adults. The World Health Organization estimates 23.6 million adults have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, representing more than 15% of the…
Acute Bronchitis
Keywords Bronchitis, acute inflammatory disease, upper respiratory tract viral infection, tracheal infection, bronchial infection, tracheobronchial symptoms, rhinitis, diffuse pharyngeal erythema, rhonchi, referred breath sounds, adenoviruses, enterovirus, coxsackieviruses b, echoviruses, polioviruses,…
Otitis Media
Otitis media is a broad term that includes acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), chronic otitis media with effusion (COME), and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). This…
