ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS Print Section Listen Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) disorder. Patients with ADEM have multifocal inflammatory (but noninfectious) lesions within the brain…
EMBRYOLOGY OF THE LUNGS AND PULMONARY VESSELS Print Section Listen Fetal lung development can be categorized into the embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, and saccular phases.1 Embryonic development begins at 24 to…
TRAUMA Print Section Listen Trauma is the most common cause of mortality in childhood. Although most fatalities are a result of head injuries, the thorax is often involved in major…
BRONCHIECTASIS Print Section Listen Bronchiectasis refers to irreversible dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles. The airway enlargement is a result of weakening of the bronchial walls in response to chronic…
TRANSIENT TACHYPNEA OF THE NEWBORN Print Section Listen The clinical syndrome of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is caused by persistence of fetal lung fluid in the neonate. Other…
DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES Print Section Listen Thymus The function of the thymus is to produce T lymphocytes, which are crucial components of cell-mediated immunity. The primordia of the thymus develop from…
CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS: CHEST PAIN Print Section Listen A variety of cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal lesions can result in chest pain. Pericarditis causes severe substernal chest pain that is exacerbated by…
NORMAL DEVELOPMENT Print Section Listen Paired ectodermal primitive mammary streaks (milk streaks) form along the ventral surface of the embryo during the fifth week of gestation. These extend from the…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Lung masses in children comprise a spectrum of neoplastic, developmental, and acquired lesions (Table 5-1). Most pulmonary masses in children are developmental or inflammatory. Blastomycosis can…
