CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS: HEARING LOSS Print Section Listen There are various classification techniques for hearing loss in children. Congenital (prelingual) hearing loss occurs before the child learns to speak. The prevalence…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the intermittent reversal of normal antegrade flow of urine from the ureter into the bladder. In most affected patients, the important clinical…
DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES Print Section Listen Choanal Stenosis and Atresia Posterior choanal stenosis or atresia is the most common developmental narrowing of the nasal cavity, and is the most common cause…
CLOACAL EXSTROPHY Print Section Listen Cloacal exstrophy is a rare anomaly in which there is external exposure of the bladder and the terminal aspect of the gut. Genital anomalies are…
THYROID DEVELOPMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING Print Section Listen Thyroid Development Thyroid development begins during the third week of gestation as a midline focus of endodermal thickening on the floor of…
OMPHALOCELE Print Section Listen Omphalocele and gastroschisis are the 2 most common congenital abdominal wall defects. They are distinct genetic and clinical entities. With omphalocele, there is failure of the…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in children. In the United States, approximately 3000 children and adolescents (0 to 16 years…
INFECTION OF THE SPINE (SPONDYLITIS) Print Section Listen Osteomyelitis Infection of the vertebral column in infants and children is much less common than osteomyelitis of the pelvis or long bones….
INTERNAL ABDOMINAL HERNIATION Print Section Listen An internal abdominal herniation is the extension of an abdominal organ through a mesenteric or peritoneal aperture. These rare lesions can be congenital or…
CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS: THE ACUTE ABDOMEN Print Section Listen Acute abdominal pain is one of the most frequent presentations of children visiting emergency departments or outpatient clinics. The differential diagnosis is…
