The Female Genital System
NORMAL DEVELOPMENT Print Section Listen The Müllerian (paramesonephric) ducts develop at 5 to 6 weeks gestational age in conjunction with the Wolffian (mesonephric) ducts. In the absence of “testis-determining factor”…
Metabolic Bone Diseases
THE NORMAL GROWTH PLATE Print Section Listen The growth plate is an important site of involvement with many of the metabolic bone diseases. The physis, or growth plate, is composed…
Renal Cysts
OVERVIEW OF RENAL CYSTIC DISEASE Print Section Listen Renal cystic disease is a spectrum of genetic, developmental, and acquired abnormalities (Table 45-1). The clinical spectrum ranges from severe bilateral cystic…
The Esophagus
DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES OF THE ESOPHAGUS Print Section Listen Normal Development The esophagus develops from the proximal aspect of the embryonic foregut. The tracheoesophageal septum partitions the developing trachea from the…
The Skull and Face
CRANIOFACIAL DEVELOPMENT Print Section Listen Craniofacial development initiates at approximately gestation day 25, following closure of the anterior neuropore. Neural crest cells migrate and induce formation of the branchial arches….
Hematological and Ischemic Bone Disease
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF BONE ISCHEMIA Print Section Listen The pathophysiological consequence of bone ischemia is avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis) or bone infarction. Interruption of the blood supply to the bone can…
Nonneoplastic Abnormalities of the Extremity Soft Tissues
KLIPPEL-TRENAUNAY SYNDROME Print Section Listen Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome; angio-osteohypertrophy syndrome) is a developmental vascular abnormality of the extremities. Classically, there is the triad of cutaneous capillary malformations, dilated superficial…
Urinary System Infection
CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS: URINARY TRACT INFECTION Print Section Listen Infection is the most common abnormality of the urinary system in children. The urinary tract is the second most common site of…
Neoplasms and Masses of the Urinary System
RENAL MASSES Print Section Listen Wilms Tumor Wilms tumor, also termed nephroblastoma, is the most common malignancy of the pediatric urinary tract, occurring in 7 to 10 per million children…
