Obgyn Key

Shock Amir M. Khan KEY POINTS Shock remains an important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Shock in neonates may be due to lower vascular tone (distributive shock), inadequate blood…

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Gerhard K. Wolf John H. Arnold KEY POINTS Indications for neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are severe respiratory failure and circulatory or cardiac failure that are considered…

Pulmonary Air Leak Melinda Markham KEY POINTS Pneumothorax in neonates is most commonly associated with underlying lung disease requiring mechanical ventilation. Signs of pneumothorax can be variable, and consideration of…

Pulmonary Hemorrhage Erin J. Plosa KEY POINTS Pulmonary hemorrhage occurs in 3% to 5% of infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus is an important risk…

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn Linda J. Van Marter Christopher C. McPherson KEY POINTS Higher pulmonary than systemic vascular resistance leads to rightto-left shunting and hypoxemia. An echocardiogram is…

Respiratory Distress Syndrome Susan Guttentag KEY POINTS Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), a disease affecting preterm infants, is caused by insufficient pulmonary surfactant. Antenatal corticosteroids given to a pregnant woman in…

Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn Mary Lucia P. Gregory KEY POINTS Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is benign and self-limited. Management is supportive with oxygen or continuous positive airway…

Apnea Ann R. Stark KEY POINTS Apnea spells typically resolve by 36 to 37 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA) in infants born at 28 weeks of gestation or more but may…