Maternal Medicine – Multiple Choice Answers for Vol. 29, No. 5
1. a) T b) T c) T d) F e) T Around 1 in 250 pregnant women have diabetes. Evolving data, including a meta-analysis suggest that outcomes in type 1 diabetes are as bad, and…
Staging in Gynaecological Cancers – Multiple Choice Questions for Vol. 29, No. 6
1. Which of the following is true regarding the current role of molecular markers in cancer staging? a) There is no clear and unanimous consensus on which prognostic biomarkers to…
The role of laparoscopy in staging of different gynaecological cancers
Apart from cervical and vaginal cancers that are staged by clinical examination, most gynaecological cancers are staged surgically. Not only can pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy offer accurate staging information that…
Does debulking of enlarged positive lymph nodes improve survival in different gynaecological cancers?
Lymph-node-positive gynaecological cancers remain a pharmacotherapeutic challenge, and patients with lymph-node-positive gynaecological cancers have poor survival. The purpose of this review is to determine whether a survival advantage arises from…
Ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer staging: Rationale and explanation of new FIGO staging 2013
Ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers have a similar clinical presentation and are treated similarly, and current evidence supports staging all three cancers in a single system. The primary site…
Staging for endometrial cancer: The controversy around lymphadenectomy – Can this be resolved?
Endometrial cancer remains the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors, and stratification into pelvic lymph node invasion…
Staging for cervix cancer: Role of radiology, surgery and clinical assessment
Staging is necessary in determining the extent of disease, its prognosis and in the formulation of optimal treatment protocols for patients with cancer. Clinical examination of patients and subsequent histopathological…
Staging for vaginal cancer
Vaginal cancer is a rare cancer comprising about 3% of all gynecologic cancers. Primary vaginal cancer should be carefully assigned as spread from cervix, vulva, and other metastatic tumors to…
Staging for vulvar cancer
Vulvar cancer has been staged by the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) since 1969, and the original staging system was based on clinical findings only. This system provided…
Sentinel node biopsy in vulvar cancer: Implications for staging
In 2008, the first Groningen International Study on Sentinel nodes in Vulvar cancer (GROINSS-V) showed that omission of inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy is safe in patients with early-stage vulvar cancer and a…
