Placental and fetal growth and development
Learning outcomes After studying this chapter you should be able to: Knowledge criteria • Describe normal placental development • Describe the structure of the umbilical cord and uteroplacental blood flow…
OBSTETRICS
Physiological changes in pregnancy
Many maternal adaptations to pregnancy, such as an increased heart rate and renal blood flow, are initiated in the luteal phase of every ovulatory cycle, and are thus proactive rather…
Conception and nidation
Learning outcomes After studying this chapter you should be able to: Knowledge criteria • Describe the basic principles of the formation of the gametes • Describe the physiology of the…
Anatomy of the female pelvis
Knowledge of the major features of the female pelvis is essential to the understanding of the processes of reproduction and childbearing and to the effect that various pathological processes may…
Methods of Modern Cytogenetics
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Case 1: Ms. Sanfilippo is a 25-year-old gravida 5 para 3104 whose first-trimester screen gave her a 1:1200 risk of Down syndrome and <1:5000 risk of…
Disorders of Sexual Differentiation
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Case 1: Ms. Omotoya Bamidele is a 28-year-old medical student of Yoruban origin who presented to her OB/GYN with difficulty in vaginal intercourse. She describes painful…
Common Fetal Malformations Diagnosed by Ultrasound
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Case 1: An ultrasound performed at 20 weeks’ gestation in your 21-year-old G2 P1 patient indicates an apparently isolated unilateral cleft lip/cleft palate in the fetus…
Molecular Diagnostic Testing
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The goal of molecular diagnostic testing is to provide definitive diagnoses for suspected or unknown genetic conditions. A precise diagnosis is important for determining what caused…
Genetics of Infertility and Pregnancy Loss
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Case 1: John is a 35-year-old executive of a manufacturing company who presented with infertility. He and his wife have had unprotected intercourse over the past…
Principles of Genetic Counseling
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Although there have been many attempts to define what it means to provide genetic counseling, the provision of genetic counseling is a process that needs to…
