Obesity—recurrent miscarriage
8.1 Introduction Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is defined as loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies prior to 20 weeks of gestation, though some authors describe RM as two or more…
OBSTETRICS
Obesity: male and female infertility
7.1 Introduction • Obesity has become a global epidemic, affecting more than 650 million adults worldwide. • The prevalence of obesity has consistently increased to the point where more than…
Obesity and sexual health
1. Sexual health is an important part of overall health, well-being, and quality of life. 2. The association between obesity and physical illness is well established. 3. There is a…
Contraception for obese and super obese women
1. Obesity continues to be a major public health concern across the globe. 2. The prevalence of obesity has doubled over the past 30 years with 15% of women worldwide…
Contraception after bariatric surgery
5.1 Introduction Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity. National Institute of Health has laid out criteria for a group of patients who should be considered suitable…
Polycystic ovary syndrome
2.1 Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. According to the National Institute of Health (NIH) criteria, the prevalence…
Obesity, the onset of adolescence and menstrual disorders
1. Obesity among children, adolescents, and adults is set to be one of the most important public health concerns of the 21st century. 2. Over the last three decades, the…
Operative Vaginal Delivery
Operative Vaginal Delivery Michael A. Belfort GENERAL PRINCIPLES Definition The use of forceps or vacuum extraction (VE) to facilitate delivery of the baby’s head during the second stage of labor…
Vaginal Fistula Repair
Vaginal Fistula Repair Jeffrey P. Wilkinson Chisomo Chalamanda Ennet Banda GENERAL PRINCIPLES Obstetric fistula is a condition that is largely found in low-resource countries where access to emergency obstetrics care…
