Staging for vaginal cancer
Vaginal cancer is a rare cancer comprising about 3% of all gynecologic cancers. Primary vaginal cancer should be carefully assigned as spread from cervix, vulva, and other metastatic tumors to…
Staging for vulvar cancer
Vulvar cancer has been staged by the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) since 1969, and the original staging system was based on clinical findings only. This system provided…
Sentinel node biopsy in vulvar cancer: Implications for staging
In 2008, the first Groningen International Study on Sentinel nodes in Vulvar cancer (GROINSS-V) showed that omission of inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy is safe in patients with early-stage vulvar cancer and a…
Molecular staging of gynecological cancer: What is the future?
The purpose of cancer staging is to classify cancers into prognostic groups and to allow for comparison of treatment results and survival between patients and institutions. Staging for gynecologic cancers…
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gynaecological cancers – Implications for staging
The management of advanced gynaecological cancers remains a therapeutic challenge. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been used to reduce tumour size, thus facilitating subsequent local treatment in the form of surgery or…
Principles of Cancer Staging for Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
Cancer represents a complex group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and the ability to metastasize. Cancer may affect any part of the body, and within the female reproductive systems,…
Preface for Best Practice and Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology– issue 29.6
Staging in Gynaecologic Oncology This issue of Best Practice and Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology focuses on staging of gynaecological malignancies and provides an update on current thinking and developments….
Hysteroscopy – Multiple Choice Questions for Vol. 29, No. 7
1. Which of the following statements is/are true? a) Type I submucosal fibroids have more than 50% of their volume protruding into the uterine cavity b) A level 2 hysteroscopic…
Staging in Gynaecological Cancers – Multiple Choice Answers for Vol. 29, No. 6
1. a) T b) T c) T d) T e) F Molecular markers are currently being used in staging classification of most cancers, including gynecologic cancers. 2. a) T b)…
Future research and developments in hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy has become an important tool to evaluate intrauterine pathology. In most cases, the pathology can be diagnosed and treated in the office or outpatient setting. The ability to use…
