Obgyn Key

Fig. 1.1 Gross anatomy of cervix The portio vaginalis cervix is the part of cervix protruding into the vagina and surrounded by vaginal fornices. The supravaginal portion of the cervix…

Fig. 11.1 and 11.2 Acetowhite epithelium Colour and duration: The degree to which the epithelium takes up the acetic acid stain is correlated with the colour tone or intensity, the…

Fig. 17.1 (a) After saline application. (b) After acetic acid application. (c) After Lugol’s iodine application Answer 3 – This is an adequate colposcopy with a completely visible squamocolumnar junction…

Observation Local excision Electrocauterisation Cryosurgery Laser cauterisation Cold coagulation Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) Conisation (using knife or laser) Hysterectomy The management of low-grade CIN lesions includes conservative treatment by…

Fig. 14.1 Cryotherapy unit Fig. 14.2 Cryotherapy probes The cryotherapy unit consists of a cryotherapy gun attached to a flexible gas conveying tube, a pressure gauge showing the cylinder gas…

Fig. 4.1 Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou, Born 13 May 1883 in Kymi, Euboea, Kingdom of Greece. Died 19 February 1962 [1, 2] Medical history has consistently shown that change is hard…

Fig. 12.1, 12.2 and 12.3 Condom over the Cusco’s speculum preventing the vaginal walls from coming in the field Cervical mucus plug is copious and tenacious in pregnancy (due to…

Fig. 9.1 Instrument tray for colposcopy Fig. 9.2 Instrument tray for colposcopic biopsy Once the speculum is inserted and the blades separated, a good view of the cervix and vaginal…

Fig. 2.1 HPV DNA: double-stranded DNA N 8000 base pairs. LCR long control region HPV infection is believed to start in basal or parabasal cells of metaplastic epithelium. It is…

Fig. 8.1 Thickness of normal epithelium and CIN Action of acetic acid: It clears the mucus, induces intracellular dehydration and reacts with nucleoproteins and cytokeratins resulting in coagulation thus causing…