Outcome Measures Used to Assess Response
(1) Department Obstetrics & Gynaecology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia Abstract In the past, doctors recommended a particular treatment because, in their experience, most patients said…
Interstitial Cystitis
(1) Department Obstetrics & Gynaecology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia Abstract Unlike the other conditions considered in this text which are very common, interstitial cystitis (IC)…
Recurrent Bacterial Cystitis in Women
(1) Department Obstetrics & Gynaecology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia Abstract Recurrent bacterial cystitis is defined as recurrent significant bacteriuria (more than 105organisms per ml of…
How to Manage the Patient After History and Examination
(1) Department Obstetrics & Gynaecology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia Abstract The complete management of incontinence and prolapse is not just a surgical exercise! You need…
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
and Marshall Carpenter3, 4 (1) Obstetric Medicine, Women’s Medicine Collaborative, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA (2) The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA (3) Women’s Medicine…
Pulmonary Disorders in Pregnancy
Changes Seen Upper respiratory tract • Hyperemia and edema of naso- and oropharynx resulting in rhinitis of pregnancy Thorax/diaphragm • Diaphragm rises by 4 cm • Chest diameter increases by 2 cm…
The Gastrointestinal Tract and the Liver in Pregnancy: Normal Functions and Diseases
Physiological changes Common symptoms Decreased lower esophageal sphincter Decreased gastric empting Altered gastric and esophageal motility Increased intra-abdominal pressure Esophageal reflux Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy Increased intestinal transit Altered…
Special Hematologic Issues in the Pregnant Patient
Test Reference intervals Change in pregnancy CBC WBC 3.00–10.5×109/L ↑to 10–16×109/L Hb 115–155 g/L ↓to 100–130 g/L Platelet count 100–400×109/L ↓near term to as low as 100 x10 9/L PTT…
Viral Infection in Pregnancy: HIV and Viral Hepatitis
New cases of viral hepatitis are prevented Persons who are already infected are tested Informed about their infection Provided with counseling, care, and treatment Educate providers and communities to reduce…
