Obgyn Key

Respiratory Distress Esther M. Sampayo INTRODUCTION Respiratory distress is defined by increased work of breathing that can lead to respiratory failure, a state of inadequate oxygenation and/or ventilation. Symptoms and…

Red Eye Cynthia J. Mollen INTRODUCTION Red eye may refer to erythema of the ocular adnexa, conjunctiva, sclera, or cornea, or inflammation of deeper structures. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS LIST Ocular Adnexa…

Pruritus Paul L. Aronson INTRODUCTION Pruritus, simply defined, means “itching.” Pruritus that is persistent and severe requires further investigation. Pruritus usually has a primary dermatologic cause but may also be…

Proteinuria Rebecca Ruebner Madhura Pradhan INTRODUCTION Proteinuria, the presence of excessive protein in the urine, is a common finding in school-age children. As many as 10% of children test positive…

Precocious Puberty Marta Satin Smith INTRODUCTION Normal Pubertal Development Girls In girls, puberty usually begins at 10.5 to 11 years with a range of 9 to 11 years. Breast development…

Pleural Effusions Angela Lorts INTRODUCTION A pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura. Normally, fluid is produced by the capillaries of the parietal pleura…

Pelvic Pain Sara Pentlicky Courtney Schreiber INTRODUCTION Knowledge regarding the location of organs in the female pelvic region and how they may cause discomfort is key to the evaluation of…

Paraplegia Lawrence W. Brown INTRODUCTION Paraplegia is any weakness of the lower extremities caused by dysfunction of the nervous system at the level of the peripheral nerves, spinal cord, or…

Pallor (Paleness) Kim Smith-Whitley INTRODUCTION Pallor (paleness) results from a decreased amount of circulating hemoglobin or vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels. Causes can be classified as hematologic or nonhematologic. DIFFERENTIAL…

Neonatal Infections Samir S. Shah NEONATAL SEPSIS Overview The most common classification of neonatal sepsis is by age at onset. Early-onset infection. Clinical manifestations of early-onset infection occur within the…