Central Nervous System Infections
Patient positioning is extremely important in preparation for an LP. Children may lie in the lateral recumbent position with their hips and knees flexed, or they may sit upright with…
Electroencephalography in Critically Ill Children
FIGURE 9.1 Normal electroencephalogram (EEG) with a clear 10 Hz posterior dominant rhythm. With eye closure, the posterior dominant rhythm becomes clearer. During drowsiness (early stage 1 sleep) the EEG background…
Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes of the Central Nervous System
■ OVERVIEW OF ACUTE DEMYELINATING SYNDROMES Acquired demyelinating syndromes may be isolated or recurrent events. If a child is presenting with their first neurologic event, the diagnosis is either ADEM…
Acute Metabolic Encephalopathy
This chapter discusses IEMs which produce AME from the perspective of an intensivist and a pediatric neurologist caring for a patient with AME for whom routine biochemical test results are…
Mechanical Ventilation and Blood Pressure Management
Clinical features of lung injury can vary from mild, self-limiting dyspnea to rapidly progressive and fatal respiratory failure. The clinical course of ALI can be generalized in 4 phases; however,…
Brain Death
■ PATHOGENESIS The absence of intracranial circulation precluding oxygen and nutrient delivery to brain tissue is the underlying common pathophysiology irrespective of the proximate cause of brain death. Hypoxia and…
Neurologic Complications in Pediatric Cardiac Disease
Understanding the series of operations that a child with single ventricle physiology may undergo can be daunting. Amidst the complex terminologies that accompany these procedures, the neurologist and intensivist should…
Approach to Acute Encephalopathy and Coma
A patient in a minimally conscious state has severely altered consciousness but has definite behavioral evidence of self or environmental awareness. A patient in this state may follow simple commands,…
Neurosurgical Postoperative Monitoring and Complications
FIGURE 22.1 Nonenhanced head computed tomography (CT) obtained because of poor drainage from the ventriculostomy. The proximal catheter is suboptimally placed. Patient was taken back to the operating room for repositioning…
Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
FIGURE 12.1 (A) Axial head computed tomography (HCT) with left frontal acute intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH, white arrow) and secondary intraventricular hemorrhage. (B) Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)…
