Assisted Reproductive Technology: Laboratory Aspects
Fig. 18.1 Germinal vesicle intact representing an immature oocyte after cumulus removal (courtesy of Dr. Nina Desai, Cleveland Clinic) Fig. 18.2 Metaphase I (MI) human oocyte without a polar body…
Normal Puberty and Pubertal Disorders
Fig. 3.1 Simplified diagram of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axes, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axes, and growth hormone (GH) axes. The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and growth hormone-releasing hormone…
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Genetic Screening
Fig. 19.1 Reciprocal errors and PSSC. Impact of the type of meiotic error and the predictive value of polar body (PB) screening results and the eventual chromosomal composition of the…
Hysteroscopic Management of Intrauterine Disorders: Polypectomy, Myomectomy, Endometrial Ablation, Adhesiolysis, and Removal of Uterine Septum
Hysteroscopic type [24] Sonohysterographic class [25] Description Type 0 Class 1 Pedunculated myomas, where 100% of the myoma lies within the endometrial cavity with no intramural extension Type I Class…
Ovarian Reserve Testing
Fig. 14.1 Available tests for ovarian reserve include biochemical markers, i.e., FSH , estradiol, AMH, and inhibin B and ovarian ultrasound imaging, i.e., antral follicle count and ovarian volume As…
Assisted Reproductive Technology: Clinical Aspects
Female evaluation Workup Ovarian reserve testing Anti-Müllerian hormone Day 3 follicle stimulating hormone, Estradiol Antral follicle count Preconception (preventative) testing Thyroid stimulating hormone Type and screen Rubella IgG, Varicella IgG…
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Fig. 7.1 This is the classical image of PCOS with an enlarged ovary containing an increased number of small follicles around the periphery of the cortex, resembling a string of…
Contraception and Sterilization
Population Incidence per 10,000 women/year General population of women <35 years old 1–5 Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) users 3–10 Second generation progestin-containing OCPs 6 Drospirenone-containing OCPs 10 Pregnant women 5–20…
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
PALM (structural) Polyp Adenomyosis Leiomyoma Malignancy and hyperplasia COEIN (non-structural) Coagulopathy Ovulatory dysfunction Endometrial Iatrogenic Not yet classified Abnormal bleeding can occur during childhood, the reproductive years, and after menopause….
