Lochia typically is described as lochia rubra, serosa, or alba, depending on the color of the discharge. Lochia should always be present during the first 3 weeks postpartum. The patient who has had a cesarean birth may have a scant amount of lochia; however, lochia is never absent.

Although it varies, the amount can be compared to that of a menstrual flow. Saturating a perineal pad in less than 1 hour is considered excessive; the doctor should be notified. Expect women who are breast-feeding to have less lochia. Lochia flow also increases with activity—for example, when the patient gets out of bed the first few times (due to pooled lochia being released) or when the patient engages in strenuous exercise, such as lifting a heavy object or walking up stairs (due to an actual increase in amount).

Depending on the postpartum day, lochia typically ranges from red to pinkish brown to creamy white or colorless. A sudden change in the color of lochia—for example, to bright red after having been pink—suggests new bleeding or retained placental fragments.

Lochia has an odor similar to that of menstrual flow. Foul or offensive odor suggests infection.

Lochia should have minimal or small clots, if any. Evidence of large or numerous clots indicates poor uterine contraction, which requires intervention.