Sepsis syndrome, bacteremia (especially group B streptococcal disease in neonates)
Tuberculosis
Brucellosis
Tularemia
Typhoid
Paratyphoid
Hepatitis A or B
Parvovirus B19
Respiratory syncytial virus
Influenza A or B
Rubeola
Varicella
Rubella
Infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus)
HIV
Cytomegalovirus
Malaria
Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis)
Scrub typhus
Sandfly fever
Kostmann syndrome
Cyclic neutropenia
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (neutropenia and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency)
Reticular dysgenesis
Barth syndrome (neutropenia, cardiomyopathy, myopathy)
Neutropenia associated with X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Neutropenia associated with dysgammaglobulinemia type I (neutropenia, absent immunoglobulin A [IgA] and IgG, and increase in IgM)
Neutropenia associated with metabolic disease (hyperglycemia, isovaleric acidemia, propionic acidemia, methylmalonic acidemia)
Neutropenia as part of bone marrow failure syndrome (Fanconi anemia, dyskeratosis congenital, Blackfan-Diamond syndrome)
Autoimmune neutropenia (owing to IgG-mediated destruction of neutrophils)
Felty syndrome (triad of neutropenia, splenomegaly, and rheumatoid arthritis)
Secondary to collagen vascular disease—juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (lymphopenic common in SLE)
Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (antibody derived from mother)
Aplastic anemia
Splenic sequestration
Nutritional deficiency (B12 or folate deficiency)
Copper deficiency
Familial benign neutropenia
Leukemia
Bone marrow infiltration (with tumor, osteopetrosis, Gaucher disease)
Chronic idiopathic neutropenia
TABLE 49-1 Drugs That Can Induce Neutropenia or Leukopenia Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutics | |||||||||||||||||||
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Increased sensitivity of myeloid precursors to appropriate drug concentrations.
Altered drug metabolism resulting in toxic levels of the drug in the bone marrow.
An immunologic response that occurs after exposure to the drug, resulting in neutrophil destruction. In some cases, the drug serves as a hapten in promoting antibodies that can destroy neutrophils. In other cases, the drug causes the formation of circulating immune complexes that attach to the surface of the neutrophil and lead to its destruction.