Fertilization and Implantation
Fig. 4.1 Fertilization process. 1 Sperm penetration of cumulus cells, 2 attachment to zona, 3 exocytosis of acrosomal contents, 4 penetration to the zona pellucida, 5 entry into perivitelline space,…
Gynecologic Laparoscopy
Fig. 21.1 Changes in the anterior abdominal wall anatomy with weight. Diagram of representative sagittal views derived from magnetic resonance and computed tomographic imaging for patients in three groups: (a)…
Endometriosis
Signs Adnexal mass Adnexal tenderness Uterine tenderness Fixed retroversion Lateral cervical displacement Cul-de-sac Tenderness Nodularity Mass Uterosacral ligament Tenderness Nodularity Vaginal lesions Cervical lesions Symptoms Reproductive tract Infertility Dysmenorrhea Dyspareunia…
Assisted Reproductive Technology: Laboratory Aspects
Fig. 18.1 Germinal vesicle intact representing an immature oocyte after cumulus removal (courtesy of Dr. Nina Desai, Cleveland Clinic) Fig. 18.2 Metaphase I (MI) human oocyte without a polar body…
Normal Puberty and Pubertal Disorders
Fig. 3.1 Simplified diagram of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axes, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axes, and growth hormone (GH) axes. The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and growth hormone-releasing hormone…
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Genetic Screening
Fig. 19.1 Reciprocal errors and PSSC. Impact of the type of meiotic error and the predictive value of polar body (PB) screening results and the eventual chromosomal composition of the…
Hysteroscopic Management of Intrauterine Disorders: Polypectomy, Myomectomy, Endometrial Ablation, Adhesiolysis, and Removal of Uterine Septum
Hysteroscopic type [24] Sonohysterographic class [25] Description Type 0 Class 1 Pedunculated myomas, where 100% of the myoma lies within the endometrial cavity with no intramural extension Type I Class…
Ovarian Reserve Testing
Fig. 14.1 Available tests for ovarian reserve include biochemical markers, i.e., FSH , estradiol, AMH, and inhibin B and ovarian ultrasound imaging, i.e., antral follicle count and ovarian volume As…
Assisted Reproductive Technology: Clinical Aspects
Female evaluation Workup Ovarian reserve testing Anti-Müllerian hormone Day 3 follicle stimulating hormone, Estradiol Antral follicle count Preconception (preventative) testing Thyroid stimulating hormone Type and screen Rubella IgG, Varicella IgG…
