Objectives
Our understanding of vaccine immunology in pregnancy is limited. Inflammation, as measured by elevated cytokine levels, has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Assessing inflammatory response to influenza vaccination in pregnancy will advance our understanding of maternal immunology, vaccine response and safety. Our objective was to evaluate cytokine response after influenza vaccination in pregnant versus nonpregnant women.
Methods
Inactivated influenza vaccination was administered to 36 pregnant and 19 non-pregnant women. Serum samples were serially collected from subjects at baseline and over the first week post-vaccination and samples were analyzed for IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-alpha to determine if the immediate post-vaccination inflammatory response is impacted by pregnancy. Cytokine levels were analyzed via Luminex assay and compared between pregnant and nonpregnant subjects using nonparametric student’s t-test.
Methods
Inactivated influenza vaccination was administered to 36 pregnant and 19 non-pregnant women. Serum samples were serially collected from subjects at baseline and over the first week post-vaccination and samples were analyzed for IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-alpha to determine if the immediate post-vaccination inflammatory response is impacted by pregnancy. Cytokine levels were analyzed via Luminex assay and compared between pregnant and nonpregnant subjects using nonparametric student’s t-test.
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