Indications for cardiothoracic surgical referral
- Continuing massive air leak after chest drain insertion
- Continuing haemorrhage after chest drain insertion
- Cardiac tamponade
- Disruption of the great vessels
Children who require ventilation as part of the treatment of their chest injury (such as those with significant pulmonary contusion) will need transfer to a paediatric intensive care unit. Critical care management will be needed for transfer and as part of continuing stabilisation in general. Appropriate medical and nursing referrals should be made.