Chapter 234 Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii) David M. Fleece, Stephen C. Aronoff Etiology Sporotrichosis is a rare fungal infection that occurs worldwide both sporadically and in outbreaks. The etiologic agent, Sporothrix schenckii, exhibits temperature dimorphism, existing as a mold at environmental temperatures (25°C-30°C) and as a yeast in vivo (37°C). Epidemiology Sporothrix schenckii is found throughout the world, but most cases of sporotrichosis are reported from North and South America and Japan. In the USA, the majority of cases have occurred in the Midwest, particularly in areas along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. The fungus is found in decaying vegetation and has been isolated most commonly from sphagnum moss, rosebushes, barberry, straw, and some types of hay. Sporotrichosis can occur as an occupational disease among farmers, gardeners, veterinarians, and laboratory workers. Transmission from bites and scratches of animals, most commonly cats and armadillos, has occurred. Reports of human-to-human transmission are rare. Pathogenesis Disease in humans usually follows cutaneous inoculation of the fungus into a minor wound. Pulmonary infection can result from the inhalation of large numbers of spores. Disseminated infection is unusual but can occur in immunocompromised patients following ingestion or inhalation of spores. The cellular immune response to S. schenckii infection is both neutrophilic and monocytic. Histologically, the coexistence of noncaseating granulomas and microabscess formation is characteristic. T-cell mediated immunity appears to be important in limiting infection, and antibody does not protect against infection. Due to the paucity of organisms, it is usually difficult to demonstrate the fungi in biopsy specimens. Clinical Manifestations Only gold members can continue reading. Log In or Register to continue Share this: Share on X (Opens in new window) X Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook Related Related posts: Rumination, Pica, and Elimination (Enuresis, Encopresis) Disorders Adolescent Pregnancy Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus) Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis) Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel Join Tags: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Expert Consult Jun 18, 2016 | Posted by admin in PEDIATRICS | Comments Off on Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii) Full access? Get Clinical Tree
Chapter 234 Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii) David M. Fleece, Stephen C. Aronoff Etiology Sporotrichosis is a rare fungal infection that occurs worldwide both sporadically and in outbreaks. The etiologic agent, Sporothrix schenckii, exhibits temperature dimorphism, existing as a mold at environmental temperatures (25°C-30°C) and as a yeast in vivo (37°C). Epidemiology Sporothrix schenckii is found throughout the world, but most cases of sporotrichosis are reported from North and South America and Japan. In the USA, the majority of cases have occurred in the Midwest, particularly in areas along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. The fungus is found in decaying vegetation and has been isolated most commonly from sphagnum moss, rosebushes, barberry, straw, and some types of hay. Sporotrichosis can occur as an occupational disease among farmers, gardeners, veterinarians, and laboratory workers. Transmission from bites and scratches of animals, most commonly cats and armadillos, has occurred. Reports of human-to-human transmission are rare. Pathogenesis Disease in humans usually follows cutaneous inoculation of the fungus into a minor wound. Pulmonary infection can result from the inhalation of large numbers of spores. Disseminated infection is unusual but can occur in immunocompromised patients following ingestion or inhalation of spores. The cellular immune response to S. schenckii infection is both neutrophilic and monocytic. Histologically, the coexistence of noncaseating granulomas and microabscess formation is characteristic. T-cell mediated immunity appears to be important in limiting infection, and antibody does not protect against infection. Due to the paucity of organisms, it is usually difficult to demonstrate the fungi in biopsy specimens. Clinical Manifestations Only gold members can continue reading. Log In or Register to continue Share this: Share on X (Opens in new window) X Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook Related Related posts: Rumination, Pica, and Elimination (Enuresis, Encopresis) Disorders Adolescent Pregnancy Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus) Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis) Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel Join Tags: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Expert Consult Jun 18, 2016 | Posted by admin in PEDIATRICS | Comments Off on Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii) Full access? Get Clinical Tree
