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  • Assessment of pulmonary function in patients with respiratory complaints.

Absolute

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  • Pneumothorax.

  
  

  • Hemoptysis.

Relative

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  • Age; patients can usually perform maneuver starting between ages 4 and 5 years.

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  • Spirometer.

  
  

  • Individual mouthpieces.

  
  

  • Nose clips.

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  • Pneumothorax (rare).

• 
  

  • Adequate height, as measured with a stadiometer, is crucial to ensure utilization of appropriate predicted values.

  
  

  • A positive response to bronchodilator testing is defined as a 12% increase in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1).