We thank Drs Umans and Lindheimer for their interest in our meeting summary and welcome the opportunity to respond to their concerns. We agree with the authors about the need for more data to inform various aspects of medication treatment during pregnancy; this was evident to all the subject matter experts who attended the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) meeting and is likely appreciated by the Journal’s readership.

The agencies represented at the meeting have continued their efforts to address the current data gap. In an attempt to raise greater awareness among policy makers and the general public about safer medication use in pregnancy as a pressing public health issue, the CDC posted an infographic on the Treating for Two website, available at http://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/meds/treatingfortwo/infographic.html . While this infographic focuses on the lack of medication safety data, the CDC continues with its commitment to conduct research on the safety of medications in pregnant women. In addition, as mentioned by the authors, our National Institute of Child Health and Human Development colleagues have documented the parallel alarming dearth of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data during pregnancy and continue to do important work in this area. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) continues its efforts to consider ways to collect safety data on pregnant women, as was demonstrated by the May 2014 public meeting held at the FDA, “Study Approaches and Methods to Evaluate the Safety of Drugs and Biological Products during Pregnancy in the Post-Approval Setting.” Draft guidance on the scientific and ethical considerations for the inclusion of pregnant women in clinical trials is also being developed by the FDA. In regards to the final rule on pregnancy and lactation labeling, the rule-making process is complex and includes several layers of review. We are happy to note that the rule published on Dec. 4, 2014, and will be fully in effect on June 30, 2015 ( http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/DevelopmentResources/Labeling/ucm093307.htm ).

Health care providers and regulators have to make decisions now with whatever data and guidance are currently available. Although further research on both safety and efficacy of medication use in pregnancy obviously is needed, the intent of the expert meeting and resulting summary publication was to focus on how to move forward collaboratively and use the decades of research that have accumulated thus far to provide better information to improve decision-making. We must continue to gather data and develop evidence-based guidance for better informed decisions, ultimately leading to healthier pregnancies and healthier babies.