Pelvic anatomy

CHAPTER 19


Pelvic anatomy





Pelvic anatomy (fig. 19-1)







False pelvis






Pelvic Muscles


































PELVIC MUSCLE DESCRIPTION LOCATION SONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE
Levator ani
Most caudal structures within the pelvic cavity
Medial to the obturator internus muscles
Posterior to the vagina and cervix
Low-level, mildly curved linear echoes posterior to the vagina
Hypoechoic compared to the normal uterus
Iliopsoas muscles Formed by the psoas major and iliacus muscles
Lateral landmark of the true pelvis
Course anterior and lateral through the false pelvis
Descend until attaching to the lesser trochanter of the femur
Low-level gray echoes with a distinct central hyperechoic focus
Piriformis muscles Arise from the sacrum
Form part of the pelvic floor
Course through the greater sciatic notch
Posterior to the uterus, ovaries, vagina, and rectum
Anterior to the sacrum
Course diagonally to the obturator internus muscle
Low-level linear echoes
Hypoechoic compared to the normal uterus
Psoas major Arises from the lumbar spine
Descends into the false pelvis
Course laterally and anteriorly into the false pelvis
Exits posterior to the inguinal ligament
Low-level echogenicity
Round in shape in the transverse plane
Obturator internus muscles Lateral margins of the true pelvis
Surround the obturator foramen
Posterior and medial to the iliopsoas muscles
Level of the vagina
Lateral to the ovaries
Low-level linear echoes abutting the lateral walls of the urinary bladder


image



Pelvic ligaments










Female reproductive system (fig. 19-2)





Uterus





Tissue layers of the uterus




Endometrium










Measuring the endometrium (fig. 19-4)







Uterine Positions





















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Jun 15, 2016 | Posted by in GYNECOLOGY | Comments Off on Pelvic anatomy

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POSITION DESCRIPTION
Anteflexion Uterine fundus bends on the cervix
Anteversion Uterus bends slightly forward
Cervix forms an angle ≤90° with the vaginal canal
Most common uterine position
Dextroflexion Uterine body is displaced or flexed to the right of the cervix
Transverse imaging plane is best to evaluate whether uterus is dextroflexed
Levoflexion Uterine body is displaced or flexed to the left of the cervix
Transverse imaging plane is best to evaluate whether uterus is levoflexed
Retroflexion