Drug Index
Rose W. Boynton
The drug index provides a quick reference to help medical professionals confirm their knowledge of medications. It contains a list of the most common drugs used in ambulatory pediatric practice. This part of the manual provides a comprehensive outline of each medication, including the generic name, composition, brand name, pediatric dosage, action of the drug, and facts that parents should know about the drug. Drugs are listed by generic name, unless the drug is not available in generic form. This edition includes two new tables, which allow readers to find the generic name and brand name for each drug. The data regarding dosage and indications for use have been recommended in the medical literature and are most often used in general medical settings. Because standards of use change, we suggest keeping in touch with information about new medications. More comprehensive information can be found in the Physicians’ Desk Reference.
Generic → Brand Name | |
|---|---|
GENERIC NAME | BRAND NAME |
Acetaminophen | Tylenol |
Acyclovir | Zovirax |
Albuterol | Proventil |
Amoxicillin | Amoxil |
Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium | Augmentin |
Amoxicillin trihydrate | Trimox |
Azithromycin | Zithromax |
Budesonide | Rhinocort Aqua |
Budesonide inhalation suspension | Pulmicort Respules |
Budesonide and Formoterol | Symbicort |
Cefdinir | Omnicef |
Cefprozil | Cefzil |
Cefuroxime axetil | Ceftin |
Cephalexin | Keflex |
Cetirizine | Zyrtec |
Clindamycin phosphate | Cleocin T |
Clotrimazole | Lotrimin, Mycelex, Gyne-Lotrimin |
Co-trimoxazole | Bactrim or Septra or Cotrim |
Crotamiton | Eurax |
Desmopressin | DDAVP |
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride | Benadryl |
Docusate | Colace |
Aluminum sulfate and calcium acetate | Domeboro |
Erythromycin | E.E.S., E-mycin, Eryc, Ery-Tab, Erythrocin, Ilosone, PCE |
Erythromycin 2% | Erycette Topical Solution |
Famotidine | Pepcid, Pepcid AC, Pepcid Complete |
Feosol | Ferrous Sulfate |
Ferrous sulfate drops | Fer-In-Sol Drops |
Fexofenadine hydrochloride | Allegra or Allegra D |
Fluoride | Luride |
Fluticasone | Flonase, Flovent |
Fluticasone propionate and salmeterol | Advair Diskus |
Hydrocortisone | Westcort 0.2% |
Hydroxyzine hydrochloride | Atarax |
Ibuprofen | Advil, Motrin |
Immunomodulator | Elidel Pimecrolimus 1% Cream |
Levalbuterol | Xopenex |
Loperamide hydrochloride | Imodium |
Loratadine | Claritin, Claritin Reditabs |
Mebendazole | Vermox |
Miconazole | Monistat 3 Vaginal Suppository |
Mometasone furoate 0.1% | Elocon |
Montelukast | Singulair |
Mupirocin ointment | Bactroban 2% ointment |
Naproxen | Anaprox, Aleve |
Neomycin (bacitracin) | Cortisporin Ophthalmic Suspension |
Olopatadine hydrochloride | Patanol |
Pedialyte | Pedialyte |
Penicillin V potassium | Pen-Vee-K, V-Cillin, Beepen VK, Veetids |
Polyethylene glycol | Miralax |
Polytrim B Sulfate | Polytrim |
Promethazine hydrochloride (phenothiazine) | Phenergan |
Retapamulin | Altabax |
Tetracycline hydrochloride | Tetracap, Sumycin |
Tobramycin | Tobrex, Aktob |
Triamcinolone acetonide | Azmacort |
Brand → Generic Name | |
|---|---|
BRAND NAME | GENERIC NAME |
Advair Diskus | Fluticasone propionate and salmeterol |
Advil, Motrin | Ibuprofen |
Allegra or Allegra D | Fexofenadine hydrochloride |
Amoxil | Amoxicillin |
Anaprox, Aleve | Naproxen |
Altabax | Retapamulin |
Atarax | Hydroxyzine hydrochloride |
Augmentin | Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium |
Azmacort | Triamcinolone acetonide |
Bactrim or Septra or Cotrim | Co-trimoxazole |
Bactroban 2% ointment | Mupirocin ointment |
Benadryl | Diphenhydramine hydrochloride |
Ceftin | Cefuroxime axetil |
Cefzil | Cefprozil |
Claritin, Claritin Reditabs | Loratadine |
Cleocin T | Clindamycin phosphate |
Colace | Docusate |
Cortisporin Ophthalmic Suspension | Neomycin (bacitracin) |
DDAVP | Desmopressin |
Domeboro | Aluminum sulfate and calcium acetate |
E.E.S., E-mycin, Eryc, Ery-Tab, | |
Erythrocin, Ilosone, PCE | Erythromycin |
Elidel Pimecrolimus 1% cream | Immunomodulator |
Elocon | Mometasone furoate 0.1% |
Erycette Topical Solution | Erythromycin 2% |
Eurax | Crotamiton |
Fer-In-Sol drops | Ferrous sulfate drops |
Feosol | Ferrous Sulfate |
Flonase, Flovent | Fluticasone |
Imodium | Loperamide hydrochloride |
Keflex | Cephalexin |
Lotrimin, Mycelex, Gyne-Lotrimin | Clotrimazole |
Luride | Fluoride |
Miralax | Polyethylene glycol |
Monistat 3 Vaginal Suppository | Miconazole |
Nasacort, Nasacort AQ, Azmacort | Triamcinolone acetonide |
Omnicef | Cefdinir |
Patanol | Olopatadine hydrochloride |
Pedialyte | Pedialyte |
Pen-Vee-K, V-Cillin, Beepen, Beetids | Penicillin V potassium |
Pepcid, Pepcid AC, Pepcid Complete | Famotidine |
Phenergan | Promethazine hydrochloride (phenothiazine) |
Polytrim | Polytrim B Sulfate |
Proventil | Albuterol |
Pulmicort Respules | Budesonide inhalation suspension |
Rhinocort Aqua | Budesonide |
Singulair | Montelukast |
Symbicort | Budesonide and Formoterol |
Tobrex, Aktob | Tobramycin |
Trimox | Amoxicillin trihydrate |
Tylenol | Acetaminophen |
Vermox | Mebendazole |
Westcort 0.2% | Hydrocortisone |
Xopenex | Levalbuterol |
Zithromax | Azithromycin |
Zovirax | Acyclovir |
Zyrtec | Cetirizine |
ACYCLOVIR (NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUE)
Brand name: Zovirax
Manufacturer/how supplied: Glaxo-SmithKline. Capsules, 200 mg; tablet, 400 or 800 mg; suspension, 200 mg/5 mL
Route: Oral
Uses: Herpes zoster, varicella, genital herpes
Dosage
Not recommended for children younger than 2 years.
Varicella: Start at the earliest sign of symptoms; 20 mg/kg 4 qid for 5 days (maximum dose 800 mg)
Adults
Herpes zoster (shingles): 800 mg every 4 hours, 5 times a day for 7 to 10 days
Varicella (chickenpox): Start at the earliest sign of symptoms; 800 mg qid for 5 days
Genital herpes: Initially 200 mg every 4 hours, then 5 times a day for 10 days
Chronic genital herpes: 400 mg bid or 200 mg 3 to 5 times a day for 12 months, then reevaluate; if intermittent at the first sign of recurrence, 200 mg every 4 hours 5 times a day for 5 days
Contraindications
Anyone sensitive to acyclovir
Anyone with sensitivity to valacyclovir
Renal impairment
HIV infection
Pregnancy and lactation
Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, vertigo, CNS disturbances, rash, malaise, purpura
Education
Keep all medications out of children’s reach.
Zovirax may be given with food or drink.
The suspension should be shaken before use.
Call the medical office if side effects occur.
ALBUTEROL SULFATE (BRONCHODILATOR-ANTIASTHMATIC)
Brand name: Proventil, Ventolin
Manufacturer/how supplied: Schering. Proventil syrup. Glaxo-SmithKline. Ventolin (albuterol sulfate), 2 mg/5 mL; Proventil tablets (albuterol sulfate), 2- to 4-mg tablets. Repetabs, 4-mg tablets. Albuterol, 90 mg/inhalation; metered dose inhalant. Accuneb, 1.25 mg/3 mL and
0.63 mg/3 mL; lower-concentration unit dose albuterol inhalation solution. Rotahaler (children >4 years), 200 to 400 μg every 4 to 6 hours.
Route: Oral or inhalant
Uses: For relief of bronchospasm in reversible airway disease; prevention and treatment of exercise-induced bronchospasm
Dosage
Inhalant (MDI), (HFA), 90 μg/spray
Children younger than 12 years: 1 to 2 inhalations 4 times a day
Children older than 12 years and adults: 1 to 2 inhalations every 4 to 6 hours, not to exceed 12 inhalations a day
Accuneb inhalant solution for children 2 to 12 years old: 1.25 mg/3 mL and 0.63 mg/3 mL lower-concentration unit dose albuterol inhalation solution administered by nebulization 3 to 4 times a day as needed; more frequent doses not recommended
Contraindications
Allergy to ingredients of the medication or other bronchodilators
Not for use in children younger than 2 years
Not for use during pregnancy or lactation
Side effects: Agitation, headache, heart palpitations, depression, cough, decreased appetite, chills, fever, diarrhea, increased blood pressure, rash, muscle cramping or muscle spasm, vomiting, nervousness, shakiness
Precaution: Use with caution in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac arrhythmia, convulsive disorder, or coronary insufficiency.
Education
Keep all medications out of children’s reach.
Discontinue medication if paradoxical bronchospasm or cardiovascular signs occur, and call the office immediately.
Do not take medication more often than prescribed.
If medication is ineffective or symptoms increase, consult a physician immediately.
Extended-release tablets are to be taken whole with liquid (water). Never chew or crush tablets.
Albuterol inhalant (HFA)
Shake the aerosol or inhalation canister well before using.
Test spray the device before using it for the first time or if it has not been used for 2 weeks or more.
Use only the adaptor recommended by the product company.
Wash the mouthpiece with warm running water at least once a week.
If using inhalation solution, discontinue use if it changes color or becomes cloudy.
All medications may be kept at room temperature or refrigerated. (The aerosol should be at room temperature before use.)
Keep syrup tightly capped.
ALTABAX OINTMENT (ANTIBACTERIAL)
Brand name: Altabax, Retapamulin 1% Ointment
Manufacturer/how supplied: Glaxo-SmithKline. Ointment, 5, 10, 15 g
Route: Topical
Uses: Treatment of topical impetigo due to Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.
Dosage: Patients over 9 months of age: Apply a thin layer to affected area twice daily for five days; may cover with gauze bandage or band-aid.
Contraindications
Not for use under age 9 months.
Not for intraoral, intranasal, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use.
Side effects: Irritation at site of application.
Education
Keep all medications out of children’s reach.
Reevaluate if symptoms do not improve in 3 or 4 days.
Prolonged use may result in superinfection.
Discontinue use if irritation or sensitization occurs. Call office for reevaluation appointment.
AMOXICILLIN (ANTIBIOTIC)
Brand name: Amoxil; generic also available
Manufacturer/how supplied: Glaxo-SmithKline. Pediatric drops (as trihydrate), 50 mg/mL (15- or 30-mL bottles). Powder for oral suspension (as trihydrate), 125 mg/5 mL (in 80-, 100-, 150-, or 200-mL bottle); 200 mg/5 mL (5, 50, 75, and 100 mL); 250 mg/5 mL (80, 100, 150, 150, or 250 mL); 400 mg/5 mL (5, 50, 75, and 100 mL). Chewable tablets (as trihydrate), 125, 200, 250, and 400 mg. Tablet coated (as trihydrate), 500 or 875 mg
Route: Oral
Uses: Upper and lower respiratory tract infections caused by gramnegative and gram-positive organisms; effective in treating infections of the ears, nose, throat, soft tissues, skin, and genitourinary tract.
Dosage
Children younger than 3 months: 20 to 30 mg/kg/d in divided doses every 12 hours
Children older than 3 months: 25 to 50 mg/kg/d in divided doses every 8 hours or 25 to 50 mg/kg/d in divided doses every 12 hours; for otitis media, 40 to 100 mg/kg/d (see otitis media protocol, p. 349)
Contraindications
Allergy to penicillin or cephalosporins
Renal or hepatic malfunction
Side effects: Nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; urticaria; Stevens-Johnson syndrome; maculopapular rash
Precautions
Use with caution in patients who are known to have cephalosporin allergies.
Treatment may cause overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms
Oral contraceptives may be less effective: Breakthrough bleeding may occur.
Clinitest may produce false-positive results.
Education
Keep all medications out of children’s reach.
Take all medications as ordered, even if symptoms have disappeared.
Medication may be given with meals or on an empty stomach.
Suspension may be mixed with juice, formula, or soft drinks.
Shake oral suspension or pediatric drops well before use.
Keep bottle tightly capped.
Refrigeration is preferred but not required.
Diabetics using Clinitest may get false high sugar readings.
If side effects occur, discontinue use and call the office.
AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUM (ANTIBIOTIC)
Brand name: Augmentin
Manufacturer/how supplied: Glaxo-SmithKline. Coated tablet, 250 or 500 mg; chewable tablet, 125 or 250 mg; or 125 mg/5 mL; 250 mg/5 mL for every 8 hours dosage; and 200 mg/5 mL or 400 mg/5 mL for every 12 hours dosage. Augmentin ES (extra strength), 600-mg powder for oral suspension (5 mL for every 12 hours dosage)
Route: Oral
Uses: Lower respiratory tract infections (especially beta lactamaseproducing strains of Haemophilus influenzae); otitis media (see protocol for otitis media, p. 349); sinusitis; skin and skin structure infections; urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., and Enterobacter sp. Augmentin ES 600 is used for recurrent, persistent, acute otitis media in patients exposed to antibiotics within the last 3 months who are 2 years old or younger in a day care facility.
Dosage
Children younger than 3 months: 30 mg/kg/d every 12 hours (or bid) 0.125 mg/5 mL suspension
Children older than 3 months
Weight less than 40 kg: 20 to 40 mg/kg/d divided into doses every 8 hours or 25 to 45 mg/kg/d divided into doses every 12 hours using 200 mg/5 mL or 400 mg/5 mL depending on
diagnosis (see otitis media protocol, p. 349), suspension or 200- or 400-mg chewable tablet
Weight more than 40 kg (in adolescents)
Less severe infection: 250 mg every 8 hours or 500 mg every 12 hours
More severe infections: 500 mg every 8 hours or 875 mg every 12 hours
Children 3 months of age to 12 years of age: Augmentin ES 600 mg/5 mL, 45 to 90 mg/kg/d divided every 12 hours. Not for persistent recurrent otitis media due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. The every-12-hour regimen is recommended because there is significantly less diarrhea. Duration of medication recommended for acute otitis media is 5 to 10 days depending on age and risk factors. The aspartame-containing every-12-hour formulations (200 and 400 mg) should not be used by phenylketonurics.
Dosage Chart
BODY WEIGHT (KG)
VOLUME OF AUGMENTIN 600
PROVIDING 90 MG/KG/D
8
3.0 mL bid
12
4.5 mL bid
16
6.0 mL bid
20
7.5 mL bid
24
9.0 mL bid
28
10.5 mL bid
32
12.0 mL bid
36
13.5 mL bid
Directions for mixing oral suspension of Augmentin ES 600 (600 mg/5 mL suspension):
BOTTLE SIZE
AMOUNT OF WATER NEEDED
FOR RECONSTITUTION
75 mL
70 mL
125 mL
110 mL
200 mL
180 mL
Contraindications
Not to be used by patients with allergy to penicillin or cephalosporin
Not to be used during lactation. (Augmentin is secreted in breast milk.)
Not to be used by patients with a history of Augmentin-associated cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction
Side effects: Loose stools or diarrhea, vomiting, skin rash, urticaria, vaginitis, enterocolitis
Education
Keep all medications out of children’s reach.
Take medication for full time recommended even though symptoms disappear.
Shake oral suspension well before using.
Refrigerate suspension.
Discard medication after 10 days.
Rinse dosage spoon after each use.
Administer medication at the beginning of meals.
Discontinue use if any sign of allergy appears.
The 250- and 500-mg tablets contain the same amount of clavulanic acid: Therefore, two 250-mg tablets are not equivalent to one 500-mg tablet.
Augmentin 250-mg tablet may be used in pediatric patients weighing at least 40 kg.
Shake oral suspension well before using.
Store medication in the refrigerator after mixing suspension
Store dry powder at room temperature.
AZITHROMYCIN (MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTIC)
Brand name: Zithromax (macrolide antibiotic), Azithromycin
Manufacturer/how supplied: Pfizer. Capsules, 250 to 600 mg (scored); oral suspension, 100 mg/5 mL, 200 mg/5 mL, 1 g/packet (single dose)
Route: Oral
Uses: Macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin and used for the treatment of
Children older than 6 months: Acute otitis media caused by H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or S. pneumoniae
Children 2 years and older: Pharyngitis or tonsillitis caused by S. pyogenes
Adults and adolescents older than 16 years: Respiratory tract infections and community-acquired pneumonia; skin and soft-tissue infections; nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis; pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by S. pyogenes.
Those allergic to penicillin, amoxicillin, or cephalosporins
Dosage
Children older than 6 months: Otitis media and respiratory tract infections
Children older than 2 years for treatment of pharyngitis tonsillitis: 12 mg/kg/d, once daily for 5 days (maximum dose 500 mg/d)
Adolescents older than 16 years and adults
Respiratory tract infections; mild to moderate exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; community-acquired pneumonia;
pharyngitis and tonsillitis; uncomplicated skin and skin suture infections: 500 mg on day 1, then 250 mg once daily for 4 days
Urethritis, cervicitis: Single 2-g dose
BODY
(KG)
WEIGHT
(LB)
100 MG/5 ML
200 MG/5 ML
TOTAL
ML PER
TREATMENT
COURSE
DAY 1
DAY 2-5
DAY 1
DAY 2-5
10
22
5 mL (1 tsp)
2.5 mL (1/2 tsp)
15 mL
20
44
5 mL (1 tsp)
2.5 mL (1/2 tsp)
15 mL
30
66
7.5 mL (1 1/2 tsp)
3.75 mL (3/4 tsp)
22.5 mL
40
88
10 mL (2 tsp)
5 mL (1 tsp)
30 mL
Contraindications
Allergy to azithromycin, erythromycin, or any macrolide antibiotic
Not recommended for treatment of otitis media in children younger than six months
Not recommended for treatment of pharyngitis or tonsillitis in children younger than 2 years
Not recommended for use during pregnancy
Side effects: Abdominal pain; diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, headache; angioedema
Education
Keep all medications out of children’s reach.
Do not take with food; take 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. Do not mix with food or formula.
Obtain culture and sensitivity tests before treatment is instituted.
Avoid taking aluminum- and magnesium-containing antacids when on azithromycin.
Discontinue medication if side effects occur, and call the office immediately.
Follow directions for reconstituting the oral suspension.
Shake bottle before each use.
Keep bottle tightly capped.
Use the pediatric suspension within 10 days, and then discard remaining medication.
Be sure to take medication for the full 5 days even though symptoms disappear sooner.
BUDESONIDE (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY INTRANASAL CORTICOSTEROID SPRAY)
Brand name: Rhinocort Aqua
Manufacturer/how supplied: Astra. Nasal spray delivers 32 μg of budesonide per spray. Each bottle contains 60 metered sprays after initial priming.
Route: Intranasal
Uses: Management of seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis in children and adults; adult nonallergic perennial rhinitis
Dosage
Children 6 years and older: One spray per nostril once daily (recommended starting dose)
Children younger than 12 years: Two sprays per nostril once daily (128 μg/d; maximum daily dose)
Children older than 12 years and adults: Four sprays per nostril once daily (256 μg/d)
Prior to initial use, the container must be shaken gently and the pump must be primed by actuating eight times. If used daily, the pump does not need to be reprimed. If not used for 2 consecutive days, prime one spray or until a fine spray appears. If not used for more than 14 days, rinse the applicator and prime with two sprays or until a fine mist appears.
Individualized dosage is always desirable. Titrate on individual patient to the minimum effective dose when maximum benefit is achieved and symptoms are controlled.
An improvement in symptoms may occur within the first 24 hours after treatment. Maximum benefit usually takes approximately 2 weeks.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to budesonide or any component
Not to be used during pregnancy or lactation
Not for use by children younger than 6 years
Side effects: Nasal irritation; burning or ulceration of nasal passages
Education
Keep all medications out of children’s reach.
Clear nasal passages by blowing nose prior to giving medication. (Hold your nose and look at your toes.)
Shake bottle gently before use.
Check nasal mucous membranes for signs of irritation or fungal infection.
Monitor growth in pediatric patients.
Notify office if condition persists or is worse.
Avoid exposure to measles or chickenpox. If exposed, seek medical advice immediately.
Follow dosing directions, not exceeding recommended daily dose.
BUDESONIDE INHALATION SUSPENSION (ANTIHISTAMINE/ANTI-INFLAMMATORY)
Brand name: Pulmicort Respules
Manufacturer/how supplied: Astra. Plastic ampules, 2-mL; 0.25 or 0.5 mg; each single-dose Respule contains 2 mL.
Route: Oral inhalation
Uses: For the maintenance of asthma and for a prophylactic therapy of asthma in children 12 months to 8 years
Dosage: Children 1 to 8 years: Starting dose of 0.25 mg once daily inhaled via jet-nebulizer connected to an air compressor. Individual children will experience variable onsets and degrees of symptom relief. Improvement in asthma control following inhaled administration of Pulmicort Respules can occur within 2 to 8 days, although maximum may not be achieved for 4 to 6 weeks. It is desirable to downward titrate to the lowest effective dose once asthma stability is achieved. If once daily treatment with Pulmicort Respules does not provide adequate asthma control of symptoms, the total daily dose should be increased or administered as a divided dose.
Oral corticosteroids
Recommended starting dose: 1 mg total daily, administered as 0.5 mg twice daily or 1 mg once daily
Highest recommended dose: 1 mg total daily
Bronchodilators alone
Recommended starting dose: 0.5 mg total daily dose, administered either once daily or twice daily in divided doses
Highest recommended dose: 0.5 mg total daily
Inhaled corticosteroids
Recommended starting dose: 0.5 mg total daily dose administered either once daily or twice daily in divided doses
Highest recommended dose: 1 mg total daily
Contraindications
Sensitivity to ingredients
Pregnancy and lactation
Use with extreme caution in patients who are transferred from systemically active corticosteroids to inhaled corticosteroids.
Side effects: Cough, rhinitis, otitis media, viral infection, fungal infection, stomachache, vomiting, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, nosebleeds, rash
Education
Keep all medications out of children’s reach.
This medication (Pulmicort Respules) is intended to help prevent and control asthma symptoms. It is not intended to provide rapid relief of breathing during an asthma attack. Your medical provider may prescribe additional medication (bronchodilators) for emergency relief if an acute asthma attack occurs.
Call the medical office if an asthma attack does not respond to additional medication or your child requires more of the additional medication than usual.
Use the nebulizer treatment as directed at the same time each day.
Do not stop treatment or reduce the dose even if your child feels better.
Pulmicort Respules should be given separately in the nebulizer; never mix with other nebulizer medications.
Do not let your child inhale more doses or use this medication more often than instructed.
Pulmicort Respules medication is intended for inhalation use only with compressed air-driven systems, also known as jet nebulizers. Do not use with an ultrasonic nebulizer.
Pulmicort Respules should be used with compressed air-driven jet nebulizers following the manufacturer’s instructions. The mist produced is then inhaled through either a mouthpiece or face mask. The treatment is complete when the mist no longer comes out of the mouthpiece or face mask. Adjust the face mask carefully to optimize delivery and to avoid exposing the eyes to medication.
Children should take medication at regular intervals once or twice a day, as directed, because its effectiveness depends on regular use.
Improvement in the control of asthma symptoms can occur within 2 to 8 days or may take 4 to 6 weeks before maximum improvement is seen.
If your child misses a dose by more than several hours, take the next regularly scheduled dose when it is due; do not double the dose.
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully in preparation, administration, and cleaning of equipment.
Store Pulmicort Respules in an upright position at temperatures between 68°F and 77°F in the aluminum foil envelope. Protect from light and cold. Do not freeze.
When the foil envelope is opened, the unused Respules should be used within 2 weeks. After opening the aluminum foil package, return the unused Respules to the foil envelope to protect them from light. Any individual opened Respule must be used promptly.
Remember to record the date you opened the foil on the back of the envelope in the space provided.
You may wish to retain the leaflet instructions provided with the medication. Do not throw it away until you have finished the medication.
If your child is exposed to chickenpox or measles, call the medical office immediately.
Rinsing the mouth with water after each treatment may decrease the risk of developing local candidiasis.
Corticosteroids’ effects on the skin can be avoided if the face is washed after the use of a face mask.
CEFDINIR (CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTIC)
Brand name: Omnicef
Manufacturer/how supplied: Abbott. Powder for reconstitution, 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL; 60- to 100-mL bottle; 300-mg capsules
Route: Oral
Uses: Mild to moderate infections
Community-acquired pneumonia
Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
Acute sinusitis
Pharyngitis, tonsillitis
Uncomplicated skin and skin suture infections
Acute otitis media
Dosage
Children 6 months to 12 years of age
Otitis media, pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 7 mg/kg every 12 hours for 5 to 10 days or 14 mg/kg every 24 hours for 10 days
Sinusitis: 7 mg/kg every 12 hours for 10 days or 14 mg/kg every 24 hours for 10 days
Skin and skin suture infections: 7 mg/kg every 12 hours for 10 days
For all: Maximum daily dose is 600 mg/d
Children 13 years of age and older
Pneumonia, skin and skin suture infections: 300 mg every 12 hours for 10 days
Bronchitis/pharyngitis, tonsillitis: 300 mg every 12 hours for 5 to 10 days or 600 mg every 24 hours for 10 days
Sinusitis: 300 mg every 12 hours for 10 days or 600 mg every 24 hours for 10 days
Contraindications
Allergy to cephalosporins: Patients with known allergy to penicillins
Not recommended for use in children younger than 6 months
Not to be used during pregnancy, labor, or delivery
Side effects: Headache, rash, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Education
Keep all medications out of children’s reach.
Not recommended for treatment of children younger than 6 months
May cause false-positive glucose test and Clinitest
Complete full course of this medication as directed.
Discard unused medication.
Discontinue medication if hypersensitivity (rash, hives, difficulty breathing, severe diarrhea or bleeding) occurs, and call the office immediately.
CEFPROZIL (SECOND-GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTIC)
Brand name: Cefzil
Manufacturer/how supplied: Bristol-Myers Squibb. Tablets, 250 or 500 mg; oral suspension, 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL
Route: Oral
Uses
Pharyngitis/tonsillitis
Otitis media
Lower respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections
Dosage
Age 6 months to 12 years
Otitis media, upper respiratory infection: 15 mg/kg every 12 hours for 10 days
Children older than 2 years: Acute sinusitis, pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 7.5 mg/kg every 12 hours for 10 days; Skin and skin structure infections: 20 mg/kg every 12 hours for 10 days
Age 13 years and older
Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 500 mg every 24 hours for 10 days
Acute sinusitis: 250 or 500 mg every 12 hours for 10 days
Bronchitis: 500 mg every 12 hours for 10 days
Skin and skin structure infections: 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days or 500 mg every 12 to 24 hours for 10 days
Contraindications
Not to be used if penicillin or other allergies are known
Not to be used during labor and delivery
Not to be used during pregnancy
Not be used by nursing mothers
Not to be used to treat children younger than 6 months
Side effects: Diarrhea, vomiting, diaper rash, vaginitis, dizziness
Education
Keep all medications out of children’s reach.
Culture and sensitivity tests are recommended before treatment of skin and skin structure infections.
Medication may be given with food and drink.
Oral suspension may be stored in the refrigerator or at room temperature.
Discard any unused medication after 10 days.
Discontinue medication if hypersensitivity (rash, hives, difficult breathing, severe diarrhea) or bleeding occurs, and call the office immediately.
CEFUROXIME AXETIL (CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTIC)
Brand name: Ceftin
Manufacturer/how supplied: Glaxo-Wellcome. Tablets, 125, 250, and 500 mg; oral suspension, 125 mg/5 mL or 250 mg/5 mL
Route: Oral
Uses: Second-generation cephalosporin
Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and nasopharynx infections
Otitis media, acute sinusitis, and infections of the skin and skin structure
Acute bronchitis and some chronic bronchitis
Impetigo
Dosage
Children 3 months to 12 years
Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/d, bid (in divided doses) for 10 days
Otitis media, impetigo, sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/d twice daily (in divided doses) for 10 days
Children 12 years of age and older
Pharyngitis/tonsillitis/sinusitis: 250 mg twice daily for 10 days
Acute bacterial chronic bronchitis: 250 to 500 mg twice daily for 5 to 10 days
Skin and skin structure infections: 250 to 500 mg twice daily for 10 days
Urinary tract infections: 125 to 250 mg twice daily for 7 to 10 days
Lyme disease: 500 mg twice daily for 20 days
Contraindications
Allergy to cephalosporins, penicillins, or any other drugs
Not recommended for treatment of children younger than 3 months
Not to be used during pregnancy and lactation
Side effects: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, headache, diaper rash, superinfection
Education
Keep all medications out of children’s reach.
Give liquid medication to children who cannot swallow whole tablets.
Follow directions carefully when mixing Ceftin for oral suspension.
Give medication with food to lessen gastric symptoms.
Shake oral suspension well before administration.
Replace cap carefully after each opening.
Discard unused medication after time (date) of suggested use.
Discontinue medication if any side effects occur, and call the office immediately.
CEPHALEXIN (ANTIBIOTIC FIRST-GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN)
Brand name: Keflex
Manufacturer/how supplied: Middlebrook. Oral suspension, 125 or 250 mg/5 mL; capsule as monohydrate, 250 or 500 mg as tablet monohydrate; 250-mg, 500-mg, or 1-g tablet (Keftab) as hydrochloride 500 mg
Route: Oral
Uses
Respiratory tract infections caused by pneumonia and group A betahemolytic streptococci (not rheumatic fever)
Otitis media due to S. pneumonia, H. influenzae, streptococci, staphylococci
Soft-tissue infections
Bone and joint infections
Genitourinary infections caused by E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella sp.
Dosage
Children
Bacterial infections other than otitis media: 25 to 50 mg/kg/d
Adults: 250 to 500 mg every 6 hours (maximum dose 4 g/d)
Contraindications
Allergy to any antibiotics, especially penicillin-sensitive patients
Renal failure
Safety during pregnancy unknown
Side effects: Headache, diarrhea vomiting, abdominal cramps, rash (hypersensitivity, urticaria, rash, angioedema), fatigue, dizziness
Precautions: Use with caution in nursing mothers and patients with a history of colitis.
Education
Keep all medications out of children’s reach.
May produce falsely high reading in glucose Clinitest
May produce false serum or urine creatine test
After mixing the medication, store in the refrigerator.
Mixture may be kept for 14 days. Discard unused medication after 14 days.
Shake well before using.
Keep cap tightly closed.
Call the office immediately if side effects occur.
Give medication 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
Culture and sensitivity tests are required before and during therapy when indicated.
CETIRIZINE (ANTIHISTAMINE)
Brand name: Zyrtec
Manufacturer/how supplied: McNeill. Tablets, 5 or 10 mg; syrup, 1 mg/mL
Route: Oral
Uses: Seasonal allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria
Dosage
Children 2 to 5 years: Initially 2.5 mg once daily, maximum dose 5 mg/d (as 5 mg daily or 2.5 mg every 12 hours)
Children older than 6 years and adults: 5 to 10 mg once daily
Contraindications
Hydroxyzine sensitivity
Hepatic or renal dysfunction
Pregnancy and lactation
With alcohol use (potentiates CNS depression)
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