Childhood Glaucoma

Chapter 624 Childhood Glaucoma



Scott E. Olitsky, Denise Hug, Laura S. Plummer, Merrill Stass-Isern



Glaucoma is a general term used to indicate damage to the optic nerve with visual field loss that is caused by or related to elevated pressure within the eye. It is classified according to the age of the patient at presentation and the association of other ocular or systemic conditions. Glaucoma that begins within the first 3 yr of life is called infantile (congenital); glaucoma that begins between the ages of 3 and 30 yr is called juvenile.


Primary glaucoma indicates that the cause is an isolated anomaly of the drainage apparatus of the eye (trabecular meshwork). More than 50% of infantile glaucoma is primary. In secondary glaucoma, other ocular or systemic abnormalities are associated, even if a similar developmental defect of the trabecular meshwork is also present. Primary infantile glaucoma occurs with an incidence of 0.03% (see Table 624-1 on the Nelson Textbook of pediatrics website at www.expertconsult.com).




Table 624-1 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CHILDHOOD GLAUCOMAS


I.PRIMARY GLAUCOMAS


A Congenital open-angle glaucoma
1 Congenital

2 Infantile

3 Late recognized

B Autosomal dominant juvenile glaucoma

C Primary angle-closure glaucoma

D Associated with systemic abnormalities
1 Sturge-Weber syndrome

2 Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1)

3 Stickler syndrome

4 Oculocerebrorenal (Lowe) syndrome

5 Rieger syndrome

6 Hepatocerebrorenal syndrome

7 Marfan syndrome

8 Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome

9 Infantile glaucoma associated with mental retardation and paralysis

10 Oculodentodigital dysplasia

11 Open-angle glaucoma associated with microcornea and absence of frontal sinuses

12 Mucopolysaccharidosis

13 Trisomy 13

14 Cutis marmorata telangiectasia congenita

15 Warburg syndrome

16 Kniest syndrome (skeletal dysplasia)

17 Michel syndrome

18 Nonprogressive hemiatrophy

E Associated with ocular abnormalities
1 Congenital glaucoma with iris and pupillary abnormalities

2 Aniridia
a Congenital glaucoma

b Acquired glaucoma

3 Congenital ocular melanosis

4 Sclerocornea

5 Iridotrabecular dysgenesis

6 Peters syndrome

7 Iridotrabecular dyagenesis and ectropion uveae

8 Posterior polymorphous dystrophy

9 Idiopathic or familial elevated episcleral venous pressure

10 Anterior corneal staphyloma

11 Congenital microcornia with myopia

12 Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy

13 Congenital hereditary iris stromal hypoplasia

II.SECONDARY GLAUCOMAS


A Traumatic glaucoma
1 Acute glaucoma
a Angle concussion

b Hyphema

c Ghost cell glaucoma

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Jun 18, 2016 | Posted by in PEDIATRICS | Comments Off on Childhood Glaucoma

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