Autism, now reclassified as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a pediatric neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by functional deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts. It can lead to significant emotional hardships for families and be financially burdensome on the public health system when left untreated. In the late 1970s, the prognosis for children with autism was poor, as available medical and psychodynamic therapies were ineffective. Favorable anecdotal data on the use of behavioral-targeted therapy had begun to emerge, but no trial had yet tested this promising intervention.

To evaluate the effectiveness of early, intensive behavior modification on intellectual and educational functioning in young children with autism.

Nonrandomized controlled trial at a single US center from 1970 to 1986.