Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is associated with cognitive and behavioral disturbances. The most commonly identified risk factor for OSA is adenotonsillar hypertrophy, for which adenotonsillectomy is a common treatment. Prior studies demonstrated increased daytime sleepiness and learning problems in children with nighttime respiratory disturbances based upon parental surveys.¹ This was the first randomized controlled trial evaluating whether adenotonsillectomy was superior to watchful waiting in regard to cognition and behavior.

To assess the effect of adenotonsillectomy on cognitive and behavioral function, quality of life, and sleep in pediatric patients with OSA.

Single-blind, randomized controlled trial in 7 US sleep centers from 2008 to 2011.