Christopher P. Coppola, Alfred P. Kennedy, Jr. and Ronald J. Scorpio (eds.)Pediatric Surgery2014Diagnosis and Treatment10.1007/978-3-319-04340-1_64
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
Pancreatitis
(1)
Department of General Surgery, Geisinger Wyoming Valley, 1000 E. Mountain Dr., Wilkes-Barre, PA 18711, USA
Abstract
Pancreatitis is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas. It is classified as acute, chronic, necrotic, or hemorrhagic. Acute pancreatitis results from ectopic activation of pancreatic enzymes. Chronic pancreatitis is defined as a continuing, inflammatory process of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible morphologic changes (e.g. calcifications, fibrosis, ductal stricture, dilatation), which may lead to exocrine and endocrine insufficiency.
Pancreatitis is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas. It is classified as acute, chronic, necrotic, or hemorrhagic. Acute pancreatitis results from ectopic activation of pancreatic enzymes. Chronic pancreatitis is defined as a continuing inflammatory process of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible morphologic changes (e.g. calcifications, fibrosis, ductal stricture, dilatation), which may lead to exocrine and endocrine insufficiency.
1.
Epidemiology:
(a)
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Pancreatitis is an uncommon disease in pediatric population and the etiology tends to be more diverse compared to Adults. Males and females are equally affected. Most cases of acute and chronic pancreatitis are idiopathic. The most common identifiable etiologies of acute pancreatitis are listed below:
(i)
Abdominal trauma.
(ii)
Anomalies of pancreaticobiliary system: Pancreas divisum, Annular pancreas, Choledochal cyst.
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