Christopher P. Coppola, Alfred P. Kennedy, Jr. and Ronald J. Scorpio (eds.)Pediatric Surgery2014Diagnosis and Treatment10.1007/978-3-319-04340-1_83
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
Common Medications
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Department of Pediatric Surgery, Janet Weis Children’s Hospital, 100 N. Academy Av. MC 21-70, Danville, PA 17822, USA
Acetaminophen (Tylenol): Non-narcotic analgesic, antipyretic.
<12 years old:
Oral: 10–15 mg/kg/dose every 4–6 h as needed; do not exceed 5 doses in 24 h.
Rectal: 10–20 mg/kg/dose every 4–6 h as needed; do not exceed 5 doses in 24 h.
12 years and older:
Oral: 325–650 mg every 4–6 h or 1 g 3–4 times/day (max dose 4 g/day).
Albuterol (AccuNeb, ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA, VoSpire ER): Beta2-Adrenergic agonist agent, bronchodilator.
Acute exacerbation, asthma (children):
Inhalation: 90 mcg/spray, 4–8 puffs every 20 min for 3 doses then every 1–4 h.
Nebulization: 0.15 mg/kg (minimum dose 2.5 mg) every 20 min for 3 doses then 0.15–0.3 mg/kg (not to exceed 10 mg) every 1–4 h as needed or 0.5 mg/kg/h by continuous nebulization.
Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (Augmentin): Antibiotic, Beta-lactam and Beta-lactamase combination, Penicillin.
General dosing:
Infants 1–3 months: 30 mg amoxicillin/kg/day orally in divided doses every 12 h using the 125 mg/5 mL suspension.
Infants 3 months and older, children, and adolescents: 25–45 mg amoxicillin/kg/day in divided doses twice daily. Max single dose 875 mg amoxicillin.
Ampicillin: penicillin antibiotic.
Pediatric:
IV/IM: 100–400 mg/kg/day divided q6 h (max 8 g/day).
PO: 50–100 mg/kg/day divided q6 h.
Adult:
IV/IM: 1–2 g q4-6 h.
PO: 250–500 mg q6 h.
Ampicillin Sulbactam (Unasyn): Beta-lactam and Beta-lactamase combination, antibiotic, penicillin.
Pediatric general dosing:
<40 kg: 100–200 mg ampicillin/kg/day IM/IV divided every 6 h (max 1,000 mg/dose).
>40 kg: 1.5–3 g IM/IV every 6 h (max 12 g/day).
Adult general dosing:
1.5–3 g IM/IV every 6 h (max 12 g/day).
Aspirin: Analgesic, antipyretic, Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, Salicylate.
Typically aspirin is avoided in children less than 12 years who actively exhibit flu symptoms or are recovering from chicken pox due to association with Reye’s syndrome.
Analgesia:
Infants, Children, Adolescents < 50 kg: 10–15 mg/kg/dose every 4–6 h (max daily dose is lesser value of either 120 mg/kg/day or 4,000 mg/day).
Children 12 years and older > 50 kg: 325–650 mg every 4–6 h (max daily dose 4,000 mg/day).
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax): Laxative, stimulant.
Pediatric:
Tablet: 3–12 years: 5–10 mg once daily.
Suppository:
<2-years-old: 5 mg once daily.
2–11-years-old: 5–10 mg once daily.
Adults:
Tablet: 12-years-old and older: 5–15 mg once daily.
Suppository: 12-years-old and older: 10 mg once daily.
Cefazolin (Ancef): First generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
Pediatric:
IV/IM: 25–150 mg/kg/day divided q8 h (max 6 g/day).
Adult:
IV/IM: 250–1,000 mg q6-8 h.
Cefepime (Maxipime): Fourth generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
Pediatric:
IV/IM: 2 months-16 years <40 kg: 50 mg/kg q12 h (max 2 g/dose).
Adult:
IV: 2 g IV q12 h.
Cefoxitin (Mefoxin): Second generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
Pediatric:
IV/IM: >3 months: 80–160 mg/kg/day divided q4-8 h (max dose 12 g/24 h).
Adult:
IV/IM: 1–2 g q6-8 h (max 6–8 g/day).
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin): Third generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
Pediatric:
Mild to moderate infection: 50–75 mg/kg/dose IV/IM once daily (max single dose 1,000 mg).
Severe infection: 100 mg/kg/day IV/IM divided every 12–24 h.
Cephalexin (Keflex): First generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
Pediatric:
PO: 25–100 mg/kg/day divided q6 h (max 4 g/day).
Adult:
250–500 mg q6 h.
Cholestyramine (Prevalite, Questran): Antilipemic agent, bile acid sequestrant.
PO: 4 g powder BID mix with water/food.
Topical: mix with ILEX paste.
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro): Quinolone antibiotic.
Pediatric:
IV: 6–10 mg/kg q8 h (max 400 mg/dose).
PO: 10–20 mg/kg BID (max 750 mg/dose).
Adult:
IV: 400 mg BID.
PO: 500 mg BID.
Clindamycin (Cleocin): Antibiotic, anaerobic.
Pediatric:
PO: 10–40 mg/kg/day divided TID (max 1,800 mg/day).
IV/IM: 20–40 mg/kg/day divided TID-QID.
Adult:
PO: 150–450 mg q6 h.
IV/IM: 1.2–2.7 mg divided BID-TID.
Dexmedetomidine (Precedex): Alpha-adrenergic agonist agent, sedative.
Pediatric:
Loading dose: 0.5–1 mcg/kg IV.
Maintenance: 0.2–0.7 mcg/kg/h (children < 1-years-old may require higher infusion rates).
Adult:
Loading dose: 1 mcg/kg.
Maintenance: 0.2–0.7 mcg/kg/h.
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): antihistamine, sedative.
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Pediatric:
PO/IV/IM:
2–5-years-old: 6.25 mg q4-6 h (max 37.5 mg/day).
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