Gingivitis in Pregnancy

Chapter 209 Gingivitis in Pregnancy



INTRODUCTION



Description: Elevated hormone levels during pregnancy may induce gingival hyperplasia, pedunculated gingival growths, and pyogenic granuloma. Despite concerns directed elsewhere during pregnancy, the practitioner must watch for this common problem and address it when present. Periodontal disease has been identified as a risk factor for preterm delivery.

Prevalence: Common (some estimate up to 90% of population affected).

Genetics: No genetic pattern.


ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS



Causes: Hormonally induced hypertrophy (may occur with combination oral contraceptives as well). Inadequate plaque removal. Fusiform bacillus or spirochete infection. Allergic reactions.

Risk Factors: Increased hormones (pregnancy, oral contraceptives), poor dental hygiene, mouth breathing, diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and malocclusion.


CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS



Signs and Symptoms



• Mouth odor

• Gum swelling and redness (especially at the base of the tooth)

• Change in gum contours

• Bleeding when brushing or flossing

• Edema of interdental papillae


DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH



Differential Diagnosis



• Diabetes mellitus

• Desquamative gingivitis

• Leukemia

• Drug reaction (phenytoin)

• Human immunodeficiency virus infection


Associated Conditions: Periodontitis, glossitis, preterm delivery.


Workup and Evaluation



Laboratory: No evaluation indicated.

Imaging: No imaging indicated.

Special Tests: Smear to identify causative agent. Culture may also be performed.

Diagnostic Procedures: History and physical examination.


Pathologic Findings

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Jun 6, 2016 | Posted by in GYNECOLOGY | Comments Off on Gingivitis in Pregnancy

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