Chapter 362 Ascites

Ascites is an accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity. Multiple causes of ascites have been described (see Table 362-1 on the Nelson Textbook of Pediatric website at www.expertconsult.com). In children, hepatic, renal, and cardiac disease are the most common causes.

Table 362-1 CAUSES OF ASCITES

HEPATIC

Cirrhosis

Congenital hepatic fibrosis

Portal vein obstruction

Fulminant hepatic failure

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Lysosomal storage disease

RENAL

Nephrotic syndrome

Obstructive uropathy

Perforation of urinary tract

Peritoneal dialysis

CARDIAC

Heart failure

Constrictive pericarditis

Inferior vena cava web

INFECTIOUS

Abscess

Tuberculosis

Chlamydia

Schistosomiasis

GASTROINTESTINAL

Infarcted bowel

Perforation

NEOPLASTIC

Lymphoma

Neuroblastoma

GYNECOLOGIC

Ovarian tumors

Ovarian torsion, rupture

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