Rutgeerts P, Goboes K, Peeters M, et al. Effect of faecal stream diversion on recurrence of Crohn disease in the neoterminal ileum. Lancet. 1991;338:771–4.PubMedCrossRef

Perencevich M, Burakoff R. Use of antibiotics in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006;12:651–64.PubMedCrossRef

Ursing B, Alm T, Barany F, et al. Comparative study of metronidazole and sulfasalazine for active Crohn disease: the cooperative Crohn disease study in Sweden. Gastroenterology. 1982;83:550–62.PubMed

Rutgeerts P, Hile M, Geboes K, et al. Controlled trial of metronidazole for prevention of Crohn recurrence after ileal resection. Gastroenterology. 1995;108:1617–21.PubMedCrossRef

Hildebrand H, Berg NO, Hoevels J, et al. Treatment of Crohn disease with metronidazole in childhood and adolescence. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1980;4:19–25.PubMed

Ursing B, Kamme C. Metronidazole for Crohn disease. Lancet. 1975;1:775–7.PubMedCrossRef

Sutherland L, Singleton J, Sessions J, et al. Double-blind placebo controlled trial of metronidazole in Crohn disease. Gut. 1991;32:1071–5.PubMedCrossRef

Colombel JF, Lemann M, Cassagnou M, et al. A controlled trial comparing ciprofloxacin with mesalazine for the treatment of active Crohn disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94:674–8.PubMedCrossRef

Arnold GL, Beaves MR, Pryjdun VO, et al. Preliminary study of ciprofloxacin in active Crohn disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2002;8:10–5.PubMedCrossRef

Greenbloom SL, Steinhart AH, Greenberg GR. Combination ciprofloxacin and metronidazole for active Crohn disease. Can J Gastroenterol. 1998;12:53–6.PubMed

Prantera C, Zannoni F, Scribano ML, et al. An antibiotic regimen for the treatment of active Crohn disease: a randomized, controlled clinical trial of metronidazole plus ciprofloxacin. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;91:328–32.PubMed

Prantera C, Berto E, Scribano ML, et al. Use of antibiotics in the treatment of active Crohn disease: experience with metronidazole and ciprofloxacin. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998;30:602–6.PubMed

Levine A, Turner D. Combined azithromycin and metronidazole therapy is effective in inducing remission in pediatric Crohn’s disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2011;5(3):222–6.PubMedCrossRef

Schwartz DA, Pemberton JH, Sandborn WJ. Diagnosis and treatment of perianal fistulas in Crohn disease. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:906–18.PubMed

Allan R, Cooke WT. Evaluation of metronidazole in the management of Crohn disease. Gut. 1977;18:A422.

Bernstein LH, Frank MS, Brandt LJ, et al. Healing of perianal Crohn disease with metronidazole. Gastroenterology. 1980;79:357–65.PubMed

Brandt LJ, Bernstein LH, Boley SJ, et al. Metronidazole therapy for perianal Crohn disease: a follow-up study. Gastroenterology. 1982;83:383–7.PubMed