Abstract Menopause is a natural physiological process experienced by women, characterized by a hypoestrogenic state. This hormonal deficiency can arise from various factors such as aging, premature ovarian failure, or…
Abstract Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) directly impact sexual and reproductive health, with a particular burden in women. They can lead to significant adverse complications and outcomes during pregnancy, and infertility….
Abstract Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI) occur in around 6.1% of first vaginal births and around 5–7% of subsequent vaginal births. The multidisciplinary OASI clinic plays a vital role in…
Abstract The incidence of endometrial cancer in the UK has risen steeply since the 1990s. Survival has improved significantly over several decades but outcomes for 25% of women remain poor….
Abstract The average age of women at childbirth in industrialised nations has been increasing steadily for approximately 30 years. Women aged 35 years or over have an increased risk of…
Abstract Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition characterized by psychological, physical and behavioural symptoms occurring in the luteal phase of the normal menstrual cycle but resolves shortly after menstruation. Around…
Abstract As more women prioritize education, career growth, and personal milestones, family planning is increasingly postponed until later in life. Contributing factors such as advanced education, career ambitions, highly effective…
Abstract Benign ovarian cysts are a common gynaecological presentation. Up to 10% of women will have surgery for an ovarian cyst in their lifetime. When an adnexal mass is diagnosed,…
Abstract Modern lifestyle has led to an increased number of surgical patients having comorbidities, often related to increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of risk factors and optimization of…
Abstract Teenage pregnancy has major implications for the mother and child, their wider family, and at a societal and population level. Although teenage pregnancy rates have fallen substantially over the…
